Philosophical
Rational Soul : Decision-Maker
___________: Basic Desires
A. Appreciation Soul
B. Agnostic Soul
C. Spirited Soul
D. Appetitive Soul
D. Appetitive Soul
That's Plato's 3 Parts of the Soul again.
Rational Soul : Decision-Maker
Spirited Soul : Courage / Emotion
Appetitive Soul : Basic Desires
Plato matches each soul part to its job. Rational thinks and decides, Spirited feels and fights for honor, Appetitive just wants food, drink, pleasure — the basic needs.
Maria’s friends constantly tell her that she is not good enough to succeed in school. Over time, she starts telling herself, “I’m not capable of doing well.”
What kind of affirmation is this?
A. Positive Affirmation
B. Equalizing Affirmation
C. Negative Affirmation
D. Reality Affirmation
C. Negative Affirmation
It's negative self-talk that she internalized.
Her friends' judgment (outside) became her own belief (inside) — "I'm not capable." Instead of building her self-concept up, it tears it down.
He pushes you to understand the meaning behind every people's behavior.
A. David Hume
B. Clifford Geertz
C. Fr. Mars Tan
D. William James Bond
B. Clifford Geertz
What are the major constituents of the "Me-Self" according to William James?
Material self - Body, clothes, family, house, possessions — everything you call "mine"
Social self - How you are recognized by others. James said we have as many social selves as there are groups who recognize us (family-self, school-self, barkada-self)
Spiritual self - Your inner psyche — your values, conscience, willpower, beliefs, abilities.
Which situation BEST reflects an individualistic context?
A. Choosing a course based on family expectations
B. Adjusting plans to meet the group's needs
C. Choosing an activity based on personal interests
D. Prioritizing harmony within a friend group
C. Choosing an activity based on personal interests
For Hume, the self is not a single, unified thing like a soul or permanent mind. Instead, it’s just a ___________— moments of sight, sound, feeling, and thought that constantly change.
A. Bundle of impression
B. Collage of experience
C. Illusion of mind
D. Theory of mind
A. Bundle of impression
He says there is no permanent self or soul.
When you look inside, you only find changing experiences — sight, sound, feelings, thoughts. So self is just a bundle of impressions flowing like a river, not one solid thing.
According to Mead, this is the socialized aspect of the self.
A. The "Me"
B. The "I"
C. The "With"
D. The "End"
A. The "Me"
For Mead, the "Me" is the socialized self — it's the part that learned the rules, expectations, and attitudes of others.
The "I" is the opposite — the spontaneous, personal response to that "Me".
This anthropologst implied that "Humans are "suspended in __________"
A. Mid-air crisis
B. Webs of significance
E. Places we don't want to be
D. Cultural stereotypes
B. Webs of significance
That's from Clifford Geertz.
His full idea is that "Man is an animal suspended in webs of significance he himself has spun, and culture is those webs."
It is the self that is subjective. It actively organizes and interprets experiences.
A. "Me"- self
B. "I" - self
C. "Now" self
D. "Subject" self
B. "I" - self
For James (and Mead), the "I" is the knower / subject — the active part that thinks, interprets, and decides.
The "Me" is the known / object — the self you describe as "I am a student, I am shy."
What are the three aspects of the self according to Triandis?
Private Self, Public Self, Collective Self
He is an Ancient Greek Philosopher who believed that the most important thing in life is to know yourself.
A. Aristotle
B. Plato
C. Rene Descartes
D. Socrates
D. Socrates
He believed an unexamined life is not worth living.
For him, the most important thing is to know yourself — to question your own thoughts and actions. True knowledge starts when you realize you know nothing, and that self-reflection makes you a better person.
According to the sociological perspective, what primarily influences the development of the self?
A. Social environment
B. Biological make-up
C. Beliefs and values
D. Fertilization
A. Social environment
Sociology says self is not born, it's made through social interaction — family, school, peers, culture shape who you become, not just biology.
TRUE OR FALSE:
Culture influences us and it is important to remember that culture entirely equate to personality.
FALSE:
Culture influences us. But it is important to remember that culture does not equate to personality
People can accept, question, adapt, and eject cultural expectations.
This is your overall sense of self-worth/self-value
Self-Esteem
It's your overall evaluation — how much you value, like, and accept yourself.
A student is offered two internship opportunities. One is closer to home, but the other offers better experience for the career she personally wants. She chooses the second opportunity because it matches her personal goals and preferences, even though her family prefers the first option.
Which aspect of the self is MOST emphasized?
A. Collective self
B. Public self
C. Private self
D. Allocentric self
C. Private Self
The student prioritizes her own goals, preferences, and career interests when making a decision. This reflects an individualistic context, where personal goals are given greater importance. Therefore, the private self is emphasized.
For Augustine, real peace and fulfillment come only when we are connected with the ______.
Divine/God/Higher Being
He says the self is restless and incomplete on its own. Real peace only comes when we turn inward and connect to God — because we were made by God and for God, so only God can fill us.
Name at least 3 important ideas of Mead?
Role-taking - We learn to see ourselves from another person's perspective to develop self.
“I” and “Me” - "Me" = socialized self (what others expect from you) and "I" = active self (your personal response)
Generalized other - The general norms, values, and expectations of society that we internalize — the voice of "society" in our head.
TRUE OR FALSE:
Culture is inherited biologically from our parents, just like our physical characteristics.
FALSE
Culture is learned, not genetically inherited.
What are the three dimensions that psychological perspective connects in order to understand and/or view the self.
A. Cognitive, Affective, Belief
B. Cognition, Affirmation, Behavior
C. Cognitive, Affective, Behavioral
D. Cognition, Affirmation, Belief
C. Cognitive, Affective, Behavioral
Cognitive - how you think about yourself (self-concept, self-knowledge)
Affective - how you feel about yourself (self-esteem, self-worth)
Behavioral - how you act based on that (self-presentation, self-regulation)
True or False:
A student may value personal independence even when they come from a collectivistic culture
True
Culture influences behavior, but individuals within the same culture can still differ. A collectivistic culture can have idiocentric individuals, just as an individualistic culture can have allocentric individuals.
What we can understand in his view on self is that a well-balanced life between reason, emotion, and desires leads to fairness and virtue. Who is this proponent?
A. Socrates
B. Plato
C. David Hume
D. Immanuel Kant
B. Plato
This is in connection to his 3 parts of soul concept.
Virtue happens only when Reason controls the other two.
If reason is in charge, you stay balanced inside, so you act fair and good outside. If desire or emotion takes over, you become unjust.
He said that the self is influenced by perceived judgments of others.
A. Charles Darwin
B. Charles Horton Cooley
C. George Herbert Mead
D. David Hume
B. Charles Horton Cooley
That's his Looking-Glass Self — we see ourselves as a mirror of how we think others judge us.
During a group presentation, Lea notices that one of her classmates remains quiet and avoids eye contact throughout the discussion. After the presentation, Lea thinks, “Maybe she was nervous because she had difficulty expressing her ideas in front of everyone.”
Geertz would say that Lea’s understanding is an example of ______?
A. Thick Description
B. Thin Description
C. Good Judgement
D. Truthful Opinion
A. Thick Description
In the lens of Geertz, Lea is not just seeing the action (quiet, no eye contact = thin description), she's interpreting the meaning behind it (nervousness) within a social context.
That's his point... culture is not just behavior, it's the webs of significance we use to interpret behavior.
TRUE OR FALSE:
When you fail in any aspects of your life, your self-esteem is automatically damaged.FALSE
Failure doesn't automatically damage self-esteem. It depends on:
Paolo covers Sky's lunch today. The next time they eat together, Sky pays for Paolo’s meal. What kind of relationship is illustrated?
A. Communal relationship
B. Exchange relationship
C. Collective relationship
D. Allocentric relationship
B. Exchange relationship
Because Paolo and Sky's actions are based on reciprocity.
Paolo pays for the coworker today. The coworker pays for Paolo next time.
There is an expectation of roughly equivalent give-and-take.