Key Terms
What is the process of establishing settlements and controlling another territory called?
Colonisation
Which European country established the first colony in Australia?
Britain (Great Britain)
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples belong to the world's oldest __________ cultures.
Continuing
In what year did the First Fleet arrive in Australia?
1788
Name one disease introduced by Europeans that had devastating effects on Aboriginal populations.
Smallpox
What is the policy of extending a country's power and influence through acquiring territories called?
Imperialism
What was one economic reason for European imperial expansion?
To gain new markets and trade opportunities
What term is used to describe the spiritual, cultural and physical connection Aboriginal peoples have with their traditional lands?
Connection to Country
Which British explorer claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain in 1770?
Capitan James Cook
What term describes Aboriginal peoples being forced off their traditional lands?
Dispossession
What term did the British use to claim that Australia belonged to no one?
Terra Nullius
What are factors called that encourage people to leave their homeland?
Push Factors
Before European settlement, were Aboriginal peoples one group or many different nations?
Many different nations
What was the name of the first British colony established in Australia?
NSW
Which famous Noongar leader resisted British settlement in Western Australia?
Yagan
What is a person called who was transported to Australia as punishment for a crime?
Convict
Why did Britain transport many convicts to Australia in the late 1700s and early 1800s?
Overcrowded prisons, population growth, and rising crime
What are the two First Nations groups of Australia?
Aboriginal Peoples and Torres Strait Islander Peoples
What was Tasmania known as during the colonial period?
Van Diemen’s Land
What was the name of the major conflict in Western Australia that took place in 1834?
The Pinjarra Massacre
What historical term describes the area where settlers and First Nations peoples often came into contact and conflict?
Frontier
Name three groups of Europeans who travelled to Australia during the 18th and 19th centuries.
Convicts, free settlers, and soldiers/government officials
Why are Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures described as the world's oldest continuing cultures?
Because their traditions, cultural practices, and connections to Country have continued for tens of thousands of years and still exist today
Put these events in chronological order: First Fleet, Federation, Cook’s Voyage
Cook’s Voyage (1770) → First Fleet (1788) → Federation (1901)
Give two reasons why conflicts occurred between First Nations peoples and British colonisers.
Land dispossession, competition for resources, cultural misunderstandings, different laws and customs, or settlement expansion.