pupillary light reflex
this sensor receives light input in the pupillary light reflex
what is the retina?
this brain structure is the central circuit/controller for body temperature regulation
what is the hypothalamus?
increased arterial stretch has this effect on afferent firing.
what is increases/increased?
this sub-branch of the nervous system has local effects in the GI system.
what is the enteric nervous system?
the lower urinary tract pathway is composed of these two phases.
what are storage/filling and voiding?
this efferent transmits output from the central circuit to the effector
what is cranial nerve III?
these sensors send information to the hypothalamus
what are skin and core temperature sensory neurons?
stretch-sensitive endings lie in these two locations and transmit information to the central circuit
what are the carotid sinus and aortic arch?
enteric circuits at this location process sensory signals.
what is within the gut wall?
during the storage phase, the detrusor is in this state, allowing more fluid to be stored in the bladder.
what is relaxed?
this effector receives input from the central circuit traveling via the efferent
what are sphincter pupillae (specifically M3 receptors)?
these effectors (3) are regulated by efferents in the body temperature system.
what are skin arterioles, sweat glands, and skeletal muscle?
this is the central circuit that processes afferent signals in the baroreceptor pathway.
what is the nucleus tractus solitarius/the medulla?
enteric motor neurons (effectors) can change any of these three qualities in the gut.
what are secretion, blood flow, or motility?
in the voiding phase, output from this branch of the nervous system is low.
this central circuit (containing two nuclei bilaterally) processes afferent input from the retina and optic nerve
what are the pretectal nuclei and edinger-westphal nuclei?
during the heat response, inhibition of sympathetic nerves has this effect
what is dilation of skin arterioles, causing increased skin blood flow?
in the response to increased pressure, reduced sympathetic activity causes these two things to occur.
what are lowered contractility and blood vessel dilation?
autonomic output can modify these two things.
what are enteric circuits and GI targets?
during the storage phase, this nerve releases NE and activates beta3 receptors (relaxation) and alpha1 receptors (constriction of internal sphincter).
what is the hypogastric nerve?
when an efferent defect is present in the right eye, this pupil fails to constrict, regardless of which eye receives light.
what is the right pupil?
in the cold response, signaling via these receptors constricts cutaneous vessels
what are sympathetic alpha1 and postsynaptic alpha2 receptors?
in the response to decreased pressure, reduced parasympathetic/vagal activity causes this effect.
what is increased heart rate?
this is an example of long GI control (non-enteric).
what is sight, smell, taste or anticipation of food recruiting central circuits before food enters stomach?
or
what is gastric distension activating vagal afferents, leading to processing in the brainstem, causing vagal efferents to act through enteric circuits to alter gastric tone, motility, and secretion?
sacral parasympathetic neurons of the pelvic nerve release ACh at these receptors to contract the detrusor for voiding.
what are M3 receptors?