Black Box
Rhythm
Hemodynamics
Echo
History
100
Criteria for diagnosis of Marfan syndrome
Ghent criteria
100
Normal AH interval
55 to 130 ms
100
Definition for vaso-reactive testing in patients with pulmonary hypertension
- Drop in mPAP: A decrease in the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) by at least 10 mm Hg.
- Absolute Threshold: Reaching an absolute mPAP of 40 mm Hg or less.
- Cardiac Output: An unchanged or increased cardiac output (CO).
100
4 (v)2 + RAP
Right ventricular systolic pressure
100
First coronary angiography was done by?
Mason Sones
200
Indication for Intervention for Aortic Aneurysm for patients with marfan syndrome
>/= 5.0 cm
200
20 years old marathon runner with a normal echo. ECG shown
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT)
200
Flow across the valve/constant x \/mean pressure gradient
Gorlin equation for valve area
200
50 years old man with systolic murmur. 
V waves - Mitral regurgitation
200
First peripheral balloon angioplasty was done by?
Andreas Gruentzig
300
Gene often considered a primary candidate gene associated with familial and sporadic BAV, valve calcification, and early-onset disease.
NOTCH1
300
60 years old F with permanent afib, HTN, and CKD, admitted for worsening renal failure. Mechanism of ECG shown below
Calcium overload leading to delayed after depolarization (Digoxin toxicity)
300
CO / \/pressure gradient
Hakki Equation
300
60 years old man with a systolic murmur. Lateral tissue doppler image is shown below
Pickelhaube sign
300
Who invented the first internal cardioverter-defibrillator
Michel Mirowski
400
Indication for Mavacamten in patients with HCM
LVOT gradients >/50 mmHg despite max tolerated beta-blocker
400
Cardiac anomaly associated with this ECG
Epstein Anomaly
400
Patient with a hx of CABG, now with heart failure and abdominal distension. RHC shown below
Constrictive pericarditis
400
30 years old woman with shortness of breath and palpitations
Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis
400
Father of American Cardiology, who pioneered concept of Cardiovascular prevention?
Paul Dudley White
500
Join laxity, widely spaced eyes, split or broad uvula (bifid uvula), cleft palate or premature fusion of skull bones, and aortic aneurysm
Loeys-Dietz syndrome
500
A QRS duration of _____ on an electrocardiogram (ECG) is a well-established clinical risk factor for sudden cardiac death (SCD) and malignant ventricular arrhythmias (such as ventricular tachycardia) in patients with surgically repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
≥180 milliseconds (ms)
500
This equation is
Doppler shift equation
500
40 years old with shortness of breath
Supracristal (outlet) VSD
500
Modern CV surgery was first applied systematically at Boston Children hospital for closure of PDA by
Robert Gross