IF CLAUSES
Complete: If you heat water to 100°C, it ___ (boil).
boils — Type 0
Change: Someone has stolen my phone.
→ My phone has been stolen.
You haven't seen Jack, ___?
→ have you?
She don't understand the question.
→ She doesn't understand the question.
Make a question using Present Perfect.
→ Have you ever been to London?
Complete: If I ___ (be) you, I ___ (not / do) that.
were / wouldn't do — Type 2
Change: They built this bridge in 1890.
→ This bridge was built in 1890.
She hardly ever complains, ___?
→ does she?
I've been to London last summer.
→ I went to London last summer.
Rewrite using although: He was tired. He continued working.
→ Although he was tired, he continued working.
What is the difference in meaning? If I study tonight, I’ll pass. / If I studied tonight, I’d pass.
The first is a real/possible situation (First Conditional); the second is hypothetical/unlikely (Second Conditional).
Complete: The suspect ___ (arrest) while he ___ (drive) home.
→ was arrested / was driving
Nobody told you, ___?
→ did they?
He suggested to go by train.
→ He suggested going by train.
Complete: By the time we arrived, they ___ already ___ (leave).
→ had already left
Complete: If they ___ (leave) earlier yesterday, they ___ (not / miss) the train.
→ had left / wouldn’t have missed
Rewrite without changing the meaning: People believe that he stole the painting.
→ He is believed to have stolen the painting.
Let's not tell anyone, ___?
→ shall we?
If I knew about the problem yesterday, I would have helped you.
→ If I had known about the problem yesterday, I would have helped you.
Combine using a relative clause: I met a girl. She speaks five languages.
→ I met a girl who speaks five languages.
Find the mistake: If I would have known that you were coming, I would prepare something for you.
→ If I had known that you were coming, I would have prepared something for you.
3 transformations: They should have told us about the changes before they cancelled the event.
→ We should have been told about the changes before the event was cancelled.
Explain why the tag is different: “I’m late, aren’t I?”
→ “Aren’t I?” is the conventional tag form for “I am”, because “amn't I?” is not normally used in standard English.
Find the mistakes:
If I would knew that the tickets were already sold, I wouldn't have went to the concert and I would stayed at home instead.
→ If I had known that the tickets were already sold, I wouldn't have gone to the concert and I would have stayed at home instead.
Complete the two gaps with the correct tense:
By the time we ___ at the airport, the plane ___ already ___.
→ arrived / had / taken off