Name that regulator!
Name that experiment + misc (2x points- extra hard)
Random sneaky questions
P-P-P-Proteins!
Name that gene
100
The process where the product of a system goes back and stops that process from occuring.
What is Feedback Inhibition
(Negative Regulation 1/2 points)
100
All the purine bases and all the pyrimidine bases.
Purine: pure As Gold = A + G
Pyrimidine: CUT the pie = C + U + T
100
What does PCR stand for?
Polymerase Chain Reaction
100
A level of protein structure that is a polypeptide chain (made of amino acids).
What is primary structure
100
A type of gene that is inherited from an ancestor gene but diverges into different species.
What is an ortholog?
200
The process where a ligand binds to a site other than the active site to activate or deactivate an enzyme.
What is Allosterism / Allosteric whatever
200
(not 2x points) The general job of an enzyme in a cell.
What is lowering the activation energy of processes?
200
A type of protein aggregate that gives people Alzheimer's and/or Parkinson's
What is a amyloid fibril?
200
A level of protein structure that consists of multiple alpha helices and beta sheets strung together.
What is tertiary structure
200
A type of gene that duplicated inside of an organism over the course of evolution.
What is a paralog?
300
The process where a VERY specific molecule is either given or taken from a compound (primarily ATP and GTP) to activate or inactivate a system of the cell.
What is Phosphorylation/Dephosphorylation
300
The main finding of Avery's (and friends) experiment.
What is:
Cells could survive without proteins and RNA but NOT without DNA. (Means DNA is the transforming component, aka IMPORTANT and carries genetic material)
300
The process of DNA -> RNA -> Protein
What is transcription/translation?
What is the central dogma?
300
A level of protein structure that consists of multiple protein subunits who came together.
What is quaternary structure
300
The reason why eukaryotic genomes are bigger than prokaryotic ones.
What is:
Eukaryotes are more complex and many times multicellular.
400
The names of the enzymes that are in charge of adding/taking a phosphate and their jobs.
What is kinase and phosphotase.
Kinase: Adds a phosphate
Phosphatase: Takes away a phosphate
400
The main conclusion of the Avery-Chase Experiment
What is:
Viruses only inject their DNA inside of something to infect it-- Proved that DNA passes on traits.
400
The general layout/structure of a nucleotide. (Hint: 3 words, sweet????)
Phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base (AUTGC)
400
A level of protein structure that is made of polypeptide chains and consists of alpha helices and beta sheets.
What is secondary structure
400
The main differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA: deoxyribose sugar, double stranded, carries genetic info, in the nucleus
RNA: ribose sugar, single-stranded, carries the MESSAGE of genetic info, various places in the cell
500
The molecule that is responsible for signaling to the cell that a protein needs to be destroyed, recylcled, or moved.
What is ubiquitin?
500
The main finding of Griffith's DNA experiment.
What is:
There is something (unknown at the time- is DNA) in living things that shares genetic instructions.
500
Name the 1. Bond between phosphate and sugar that holds up the DNA background and 2. Type of bond that connects bases together
1. phosphodiester (or ester) bond
2. hydrogen bond
500
A part of an amino acid that determines its identity and plays a large role in protein folding.
What is a side chain (R group)?
500
The theory that mitochondria evolved first from a symbiotic relationship with aerobic bacteria, and then chloroplasts evolved after that through a symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic prokaryotes.
What is serial endosymbiosis theory?