The Ottoman Empire
Capital of the Ottoman Empire in 1443 earlier known as Constantinople
Istanbul
Agricultural community of medieval Europe owned by a lord or baron
Manor
Company that held a legal monopoly (authorized by the state) on all Dutch trade east of Africa
Dutch East India Company
Gunpowder empire that ruled vast territory in Central Asia and Eastern Europe from 1299 to 1922
Ottoman Empire
16th-century religious and political movement that broke the unity of Western Christianity and established Protestantis
Protestant Reformation
Ottoman practice of forcibly recruiting Christian boys from the Balkans and other conquered territories, converting them to Islam, and training them to serve as elite soldiers and state bureaucrats
Devshirme
Person in medieval feudal society who received land and protection from a lord in exchange for loyalty, military service, and homage
Vassal
13th-century Venetian merchant, explorer, and writer (c. 1254–1324) famous for his 24-year journey across Asia along the Silk Roa
Marco Polo
Islamic empire that ruled Northern India from 1526 to 1857 CE
Mughal Empire
16th- and 17th-century movement by the Roman Catholic Church to reform itself from within and mount a defense against the Protestant Reformation
Counter Reformation (or Catholic Reformation)
Emperor __________ the Magnificent who ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1494 to 1566 CE
Suleiman
Land distributed by a lord (overlord) to a vassal in exchange for loyalty, military service, and counse
Fief
A business owned by multiple investors who hold shares of stock proportional to their investment
Joint Stock Company
Famous Ottoman ruler from 1432-1481 known for sacking Constantinople in 1543
Mehmed II
"Council" that reaffirmed core Catholic doctrines (faith and works, the seven sacraments, papal authority) while cleaning up some corrupt practices and improving priest education as part of the Counter-Reformation
Council of Trent
Main religion of most people within the Ottoman Empire
Islam
Medieval crop rotation method that divided a village's or estate's arable land into three large sections, rotating crops annually so that only one-third of the land lay fallow (unplanted) each year
Three-Field System
Greatest of the Mughal emperors of India (reigned 1556 to 1605); known for religious tolerance
Shia Islamic Dynasty that ruled most of Persia from 1501-1736 CE
Safavid Dynasty
He nailed his '95 Theses' to a church door in 1517 sparking the Protestant Reformation.
Martin Luther
Elite infantry corps and personal bodyguard unit of the Ottoman sultan
Medieval European economic, social, and political system where rural society was organized around self-sufficient landed estates called manors
Manorialism
Most famous Chinese sea explorer during the Ming Dynasty
Zheng He
People believed to have invented use of gunpowder as a weapon
China
Protestant Swiss theologian who stressed predestination - salvation through God's grace alone
John Calvin