Psychologists
The behavioral perspective directly refutes this psychologists work in the psychodynamic perspective.
Sigmund Freud
What does CR, CS, and NS stand for?
CR: Conditioned Response
CS: Conditioned Stimulus
NS: Neutral Stimulus
Operant conditioning is a form of conditioning that focuses on making ____________ by connecting behaviors with their consequences.”
Associations
Identify:
“A student is regularly skipping Mr. Goneau’s psychology class to go to lunch with friends, so Mr. Goneau assigns after school detentions to the student.”
Positive Punishment
Money, Token Economies, and Clicker Training with Pets would be examples of...
Secondary Reinforcers
This was the first scientist to conduct research on behaviorism. He is most well known for his experiments with his pack of dogs.
Ivan Pavlov
What does UCR, UCS, and UC stand for?
UCR: Unconditioned Response
UCS: Unconditioned Stimulus
UC: Unconditioned
True or False: Punishment IS Operant Conditioning.
False: Punishment is not Operant Conditioning since Operant Conditioning focuses on maintaining behavior, not decreasing it.
Identify:
“A child is learning how to potty train. The parents decide that every time the child uses the training toilet, they will give their child a small piece of candy”
Positive Reinforcement
Primary Reinforcers
This psychologist is the founder of Behaviorism, solely on a technicality.
John B. Watson
DAILY DOUBLE:
Describe how my classroom tally system is a method of classical conditioning. (BE SPECIFIC)
Be Quiet! --> Class Quiets
Pick up Marker + Be Quiet! --> Class Quiets
Pick up Marker --> Class Quiets
True or False: Operant Conditioning can be simplified down to...
Response --> Consequence
True
Identify
“A family has a set curfew for 10:00 every night. Their son has been staying out past curfew for an entire week. The parents decide to take away the car he has been driving due to not following the curfew.”
Negative Punishment
Describe the difference between Continuous and Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement.
Continuous schedules reinforce or punish the behavior after every instance of the goal behavior. Intermittent Schedules may have delayed periods before reinforcement/punishment is given.
This psychologist put into words the "Law of Effect," and was a major contributor to the field of operant conditioning.
Edward Thorndike
Write the Classical Conditioned Equation, but swap out the terms with the steps described in the Pavlov's Dogs Experiment.
Meat --> Salivation
Bell + Meat --> Salivation
Bell --> Salivation
Describe the Law of Effect.
Organisms will likely repeat behavior if the outcome is satisfying, and organisms will unlikely repeat behavior if the outcome is unsatisfying.
Identify:
"A 15 year old is tasked with doing a list of chores every day when returning home from school. For every A on their grade reports, a chore is taken away from the list.”
Describe the difference between a Fixed Ratio Schedule and a Variable Ratio Schedule. What is the same?
Difference: Reinforcement is delivered at different times (Fixed has set number of responses, Variable has a set number of responses unaware to the participant)
Same: Reinforcement is given after a certain number.
This psychologist coined the word "operant" in operant Conditioning. He argued that the subject would "operate in its environment."
B. F. Skinner
Write the entire classical conditioning formula, INCLUDING 1st and 2nd Order Conditioning.
UCS --> UCR
NS + UCS --> UCR
CS --> CR
NS + CS --> CR
CS --> CR
Explain the activity we did in class where our participant was operantly conditioned. Explain specifically how we associated sounds.
Answers may vary...
"Our participant left the room and we associated numerous sounds with meanings. Our participant was able to understand through repetition what these associations were, eventually leading them to find the desired item."
As a group, come up with a short 3 sentence scenario that showcases Positive Punishment.
Answers may vary...
Describe the difference between a Fixed Interval Schedule and a Variable Interval Schedule. What is the same?
Difference: Reinforcement is given at particular times. (Fixed is after a certain time period, Variable is after a certain time period, but changes between trials.)
Same: Reinforcement is given after a set time period.