Psychological theories must be supported by empirical data obtained through __________ of __________.
Observation; behavior(s)
True or False:
The capacity of long-term memory is unlimited.
True
Albert Bandura
This form of conditioning gets its name from the idea that its associated learning process occurs because we behave in certain ways as we operate in the environment.
Operant conditioning
All behaviors are learned via interaction with the environment & are thus simply one's response(s) to environmental stimuli.
Behavioralism
__________ reinforcement occurs when the behavior or response leads the appearance or presentation of a new stimulus; __________ reinforcement occurs when behavior is strengthened by removing an aversive stimulus when the behavior occurs.
Positive; negative
Name one way you can maintain &/or improve your memory.
Take care of your body
Exercise your mind
Stay mentally active
True or False:
People are incapable of regulating their own learning & behavior.False
This type of memory is the initial processing that transforms incoming stimuli into perceptions that include meaning.
Sensory
Humans are active information processors.
Cognitive Psychology
Which founder of behaviorism is known for his experiments on dogs?
Ivan Pavlov
The __________ theory of learning states that the whole of a set of stimuli has greater influence on behavior than its individual parts.
Gestalt
Name two of the four steps involved in the observational learning process.
Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation
__________ describes the idea that the environment presents more information than can be processed.
Limited capacity
People are active agents who can both influence & be influenced by their environment.
Social Cognitive Theory
In classical conditioning, the __________ automatically produces the emotional/physiological response, while the __________ evokes the emotional/physiological response after conditioning.
Unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus
__________ long-term memories are those that one consciously & deliberately took time to form and recall.
Explicit
True or False:
Observational learning always requires watching another individual engage in an activity in person.
False
A form of internal rewards, such as pride, satisfaction, & sense of accomplishment.
Intrinsic Reinforcement
The goal of psychology should be to predict & control behavior.
(Radical) Behaviorism
True or False:
John B. Watson published Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It in 1913.
True
Name three of the four components of working memory.
Central executive
Phonological Loop
Visuospatial sketchpad
Episodic buffer
Self-_____ refers to the beliefs we hold about our own capabilities; self-_____ is a description of one's own perceived self.
Efficacy; concept
The quality of a behavior &/or process that can be carried out without effort or explicit intention.
Automaticity
Learning is an internal process that may or may not lead to a behavior.
Social Cognitive Theory