First aid basics
Before helping a conscious person, what should you obtain from them?
Consent/permission
This device analyzes the heart rhythm and can deliver a shock during cardiac arrest.
AED
A person is coughing forcefully after swallowing food. Is this more likely a mild or severe airway obstruction?
Mild obstruction
This type of wound is caused when the skin is scraped against a rough surface.
Abrasion
Painful muscle spasms caused by dehydration and salt loss during heavy sweating are known as what?
Heat cramps
In the A-A-A-ABC mnemonic, what does the first "A" stand for?
Area - assess the scene
This condition occurs when the heart muscle isn't getting enough oxygen-rich blood.Heart attack or angina
Heart attack or angina
Someone has a severe allergic reaction and carries an auto-injector. What medication does the auto-injector deliver?
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
There is an object stuck in someone's wound. Should you pull it out?
No — control the bleeding around the embedded object.
This condition is a burst of abnormal electrical activity in the brain that can temporarily affect movement, behaviour or consciousness.
Seizure
You arrive at an accident and see broken glass everywhere. What should you do before rushing to the injured person?
Assess the scene for hazards and risks
Name the two major things assessed during the primary assessment.
ABC: Airway, breathing and circulation
LOC: Level of consciousness
A choking person cannot speak or breathe and is clutching their throat. What type of obstruction should you assume?
Severe obstruction
What is the first thing you should apply to control severe external bleeding?
Direct pressure
Someone with diabetes is awake and able to swallow safely and is showing signs of a diabetic emergency. What can you give them?
A source of sugar, such as glucose tablets, regular soda, juice, honey or sugary candy.
You ask a bystander to call EMS. What should you have them do after you give them instructions?
Repeat the information back to confirm they understood
This acronym is used to recognize the warning signs of a stroke. What is it?
F: Face
A: Arms
S: Speech
T: Time
A choking person becomes unconscious. What should you do next?
Call EMS, begin CPR, starting with chest compressions, and check the mouth for a visible object when appropriate.
Blood is soaking through the bandage you just applied. Should you remove the original bandage?
No — continue applying pressure and do not lift the bandage.
You find someone unconscious after suspected opioid poisoning. The course specifically teaches the use of what medication/device?
Naloxone nasal spray
A person is unconscious and cannot give you permission to help. What type of consent applies?
Implied consent
Why may rescue breaths be especially important when cardiac arrest follows a drowning incident?
Drowning causes a lack of oxygen, so the person needs oxygen delivered through rescue breaths.
What modifications for severe obstruction for a pregnant person?
What should you use to cool a burn according to the course material: ice water or cool water?
Cool water — ice and ice water are not recommended.
A person in the heat is confused, collapses, has a rapid heartbeat and stops sweating. What life-threatening condition should you suspect?
Heat stroke