Atoms & Elements
sub atomic particle that has a positive charge
proton
Type of bond where electrons are transferred
Ionic Bond
What type of bond holds one water molecule together?
Polar covalent bond
What are the inputs of a chemical reaction?
reactants
When making kool-aid, sugar would be regarded as what part of the solution?
solute
subatomic particle that has a negative charge
electron
Type of bond where electrons are shared unevenly
The hydrogen bonds in water give it what three properties?
High heat capacity, cohesion, adhesion
What does the law of conservation of mass say?
That matter can't be created or destroyed, it only changes form.
on the pH scale, what would a substance that has a pH of 5 be considered?
acid
subatomic particle that doesn't have a charge
neutron
type of bond formed from the dipole moments between elements of different molecules
hydrogen
Why is high specific heat important?
allows water to absorb and retain heat to help regulate cell temperature and homeostasis
What type of chemical reaction takes place when the reactants have higher bond energies than the products?
Exothermic reaction
What type of model is uses letters to represent atoms and lines to represent bonds?
structural formula model
where are electrons located?
outside the nucleus in orbitals/electron cloud
type of ion created when an atom has gained electrons
anion
How are adhesion and cohesion different?
Adhesion - sticks to other substances
Cohesion - sticks to like substances
Why is it important for chemical reactions to be reversible?
Matter can't be created or destroyed, so reactions need to be reversed to be in a usable form.
What property of water allows for surface tension?
cohesion
What information does the atomic number convey?
the number of protons
type of ion created when an atom loses an electron
cation
Why is adhesion an important property of water regarding plants?
allows for capillary action so that water can travel up a plant
How do enzymes work?
They work as catalysts by binding to specific substrates and lowering the activation energy.
How are pH and hydrogen ion concentration related?
as the pH increases, the hydrogen ion concentration decreases (have an inverse relationship)