Hormones
What are hormones?
chemical messengers that regulate many physiological processes
What is the purpose of ADH?
to increase blood pressure
What are the glands in the throat?
Thyroid and parathyroid
How do the thyroid and parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels in the blood?
calcitonin: increase Ca in bones, decrease Ca absorption in intestines and resabsorption from urine
PTH - decrease Ca in bones, increase absorption in intestines and reabsorption from urine
What acts as a receptor for hormones?
What does ADH signal the kidney to do?
reabsorb more water to add more volume, and therefore more pressure to the blood vessels
What is the gland involved in the regulation of blood sugar?
pancreas (also works with the liver)
What do the adrenal glands release in the fight or flight response and what does it do to the body?
What is the difference between up and down regulation?
Down-regulation: there are less receptors making the cell less sensitive
Up-regulation: there are more receptors making the cell more sensitive
What does ANP do?
decreases blood pressure
What are the two regions of the pituitary gland and what do they control?
Anterior - reproduction
Posterior - several different hormones are released
How does the body respond to low blood sugar?
What kind of feedback loop do hormones act as?
negative - the hormones are used to bring the body back to homeostasis
What gland releases aldosterone?
the adrenal gland
What glands are involved in the fight or flight response and where are they located?
adrenal glands - on top of kidney
pituitary - in the brain
What is the role of oxytocin in labor, and what kind of feedback loop does this include?
positive feedback loop
What are the four types of signaling for hormones?
classical endocrine, neuroendocrine, autocrine, and paracrine
What is the purpose of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone?
to increase blood pressure
What hormones are released from the pituitary gland that work in the gonads, and what do they control?
FSH - makes gametes (sperm or egg)
LH - hormones in gonads like testosterone or estrogen
What organ releases ANP and what does it tell the body to do?
the heart releases it, it tells the brain to stop making you thirsty, causes vasodilation, adrenal gland stops releasing aldosterone, adds water to urine