BIO 112 Exam 1

DNA Replication

100

This enzyme breaks down the hydrogen bonds between the bases and "unzips" the DNA

Helicase

200

These three components make up a nucleotide

Sugar, Phosphate, Base

300

These bases have two rings

Purines (Adenine and Guanine)

400

These fragments of DNA are being made when the lagging stand is replicated

Ogazaki Fragments

500

This short string of nucleic acids binds after DNA is unzipped to initiate replication

RNA Primer

Chemistry of Life

100

This element is the most abundant element in the human body

Oxygen

200

These two components make up the nucleus of an atom

Protons and Neutrons

300

The second electron shell of an atom can at a maximum hold this many electrons

8

400

This bond is very strong and uses shared electrons

Covalent Bond

500

This type of ion is specifically abundant at low pH

H+

Macromolecules

100

This type of carbohydrate is very simple

Monosaccharide

200

This type of reaction merges two glucose molecules to maltose and produces water

Dehydration reaction

300

This type of molecule has 3 fatty acid tails

Fat molecule (triglyceride)

400

These chemical interactions are responsible for the formation of secondary structures in proteins

Hydrogen bonds

500

A peptide bond is formed by the reaction of these two functional group in amino acids

Carboxyl group and Amino group

Membrane Transport and the Cell

100

This type of cell is small, simple and lacks organelles

Prokaryotic cells

200

This structure encloses all types of cells

Plasma membranes

300

These bulk transport processes move very large molecules or particles across the plasma membrane without using membrane transport proteins

Endocytosis (in) and Exocytosis (out)

400

Unlike its smooth counterpart, this organelle appears "rough" because of the structures attached to its cytoplasmic surface that manufacture proteins.

Rought endoplastic reticulum (rough ER)

500

This solution causes a cell to lyse

Hypotonic solution

Transcription, Translation and Mutations

100

This macromolecule shuttles genetic information from the nucleus to ribosomes for protein synthesis

mRNA

200

These three nucleotides make up the start codon signaling the beginning of translation:

AUG

300

This enzyme binds to DNA and synthesizes a complementary strand of RNA

RNA polymerase

400

This molecule contains anticodons and delivers amino acids to the ribosome.

transfer RNA (tRNA)

500

This type of mutation introduces a premature stop codon, causing protein synthesis to end early.

Nonsense mutation