Chemical bonds
This bond occurs between a slightly positive H and another slightly negative atom in another polar molecule.
Hydrogen bond
Describe hydrophilic and hydrophobic.
hydrophilic: water loving
hydrophobic: water fearing
This is the monomer of nucleic acids
nucleotides
lipids contain long chains of carbon and hydrogen, also known as...
fatty acids
what is a plastid and provide an example.
organelles involved with photosynthesis and storage.
examples: chloroplast, chromoplast, leucoplasts, amyloplasts.
This bond occurs between negatively and positively charged ions in a compound after one atom gives electrons to the other.
Ionic bond
Describe the difference between dehydration reaction and hydrolysis reaction.
dehydration reaction is the building of molecules by the removal of water.
hydrolysis reaction is the breaking apart of molecules by the addition of water.
What are the types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What are the monomers that makeup proteins?
amino acids.
this structure is can be found inside the nucleus and contains ribosomal RNA
nucleolus
This bond occurs when electrons are equally shared between atoms
Nonpolar bond
what is resolution
how well we can distinguish close structures in a sample.
What are the three types of carbohydrates and explain their structure (ie. how many sugars)
monosaccharides: simple sugars
disaccharides: short chain of simple sugars
polysaccharides: long chains of simple sugars
In proteins, what determines their function?
shape!
This organelle has its own DNA and is the location of cellular respiration.
mitochondria
This bond occurs when the electrons aren't equally shared between atoms.
polar bond
What is an enzyme?
Typically a protein, that helps chemical reactions work.
carbohydrates are made of what three elements and what is their ratio?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
What makes a fatty acid chain saturated or unsaturated?
saturated fatty acids are full of hydrogen.
unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds.
What is the function of the endomembrane system and what organelles are included in this system?
function: synthesis, distribution, storage, and export of molecules
includes: endoplasmic reticulum, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes
This type of bond results in the complete sharing of electrons between atoms in a compound.
covalent bond
Describe cell theory.
1. every organism is composed of one or more cells
2. the cell is the smallest unit of life, even as part of a multi-cellular organism
3. all living cells result from the division of other pre-existing cells
4. cells contain genetic material which is passed on to new cells during division
nucleotides, which make up nucleic acids are composed of what?
sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate group
describe what a phospholipid is and where is can be found in a cell.
A phospholipid consists of a hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails.
Phospholipids can be found in the cell membrane.
List and describe the basic parts of ALL cells.
1. plasma membrane: outermost cell membrane
2. cytoplasm: everything inside the cell interior
3. DNA-containing region
4. Ribosomes: make proteins