RNA & Transcription
A single stranded nucleic acid that contains uracil in place of thymine
What is RNA?
The decoding of an mRNA message into amino acids is a process known as...
What is translation?
Changes in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA or changes in the number or structure of chromosomes
What are mutations?
What are at least two ways that DNA and RNA are different?
RNA is single stranded (DNA is double stranded), RNA uses A, U, G, C (A, T, G, C)
Which composer became deaf later in life?
Ludwig van Beethoven
In this process, segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary RNA molecules
What is transcription?
Proteins are made by joining amino acids together into chains called...
What are polypeptides?
Chemical or physical agents in the environment that increase the likelihood that mutations will occur
What are mutagens?
What is the difference between transcription and translation?
Transcription converts DNA to RNA and translation converts RNA to amino acids (which are eventually used to create proteins)
What is the hardest natural substance on Earth?
Diamond
The portions of RNA that are cut out and discarded are called...
What are introns?
Three consecutive bases that specify a single amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain
What is a codon?
Mutations that change a single base pair are known as...
What are point mutations?
What is the overall function or role of RNA?
RNA is a transcribed segment of DNA that ribosomes use to make a protein
What gas do plants absorb from the atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide
The remaining pieces of RNA that are spliced back together to form the final copy of mRNA used to make a protein
What are exons?
The genetic code is always read…
a. 3 bases at a time in the same direction
b. 4 bases at a time in the same direction
c. 3 bases at a time and the direction varies
d. 4 bases at a time and the direction varies
a. 3 bases at a time in the same direction
Insertions and deletions of bases which shift the “reading frame,” potentially impacting the genetic information of every following base pair in the sequence
What are frameshift mutations?
What are the specific roles of the three types of mRNA, rRNA & tRNA in assembling proteins?
mRNA - create an RNA message that ribosomes interpret
rRNA - work with the ribosomes to assemble amino acids into proteins
tRNA - transcribes mRNA's message into sequence of amino acids
Which US city was once known as New Amsterdam?
An enzyme that separates DNA strands and assembles nucleotides to create a complementary strand of RNA
What is RNA polymerase?
Ribosomes are tiny “factories” within cells that do all of the following EXCEPT…
a. Decode an mRNA message into a protein
b. Assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains
c. Attach to mRNA molecules in the cytoplasm
d. Translate DNA into RNA
d. Translate DNA into RNA
A substance such as tobacco that can cause a genetic change is called a(n)...
What is a mutagen?
Transcribe and translate the following segment of DNA: TAC GTG ATC
RNA: AUG CAC UAG
Amino Acids: Methionine Histidine STOP
How long is a marathon?
26.2 miles