Bio 105
This process makes new and identical cells.
What is mitosis?
This is the organism that Mendel studied.
What is pea plants?
T/F: translation occurs before transcription.
What is false?
Genotype describes a the genes of a person, while the _________ describes the expression of a person's genes.
What is phenotype?
This tool is used to determine simple, single-gene traits by determining the odds of each genotype combo.
What is a Punnett square?
This is the primary function of the mitochondria.
What is cellular respiration/energy production?
If the dominant trait is represented by an uppercase letter, then the recessive trait is usually represented by a ______ letter.
What is lowercase?
This is the mRNA sequence that would be copied from the DNA sequence A-T-T-C-G-A.
What is U-C-C-G-C-U?
Sperm and egg cells are considered this type of cell.
What is a gamete?
Occurs when there is an extra copy of a certain chromosome and is typically detrimental. Most commonly occurs with chromosome 15, 18, and 21.
What is a trisomy?
The four stages of mitosis (in order).
What is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase?
An individual is referred to as this if they have two different alleles for the same trait.
What is heterozygous?
This is the type of RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosomes based on the codon being read.
What is tRNA?
A term to describe a cell that has two copies of each chromosome.
What is diploid?
This is the number of chromosomes in a human gamete.
What is 23?
This nitrogenous base replaces Thymine in RNA.
What is uracil?
Mendel's law that states gametes separate during gamete formation.
What is Law of Segregation?
These are spliced out of mRNA to make a final gene blueprint to be read by ribosomes.
What are introns and/or exons?
An event during meiosis where genes are "switched" between chromosomes.
What is crossing over?
Adenine and guanine are this type of nucleotide.
What is purine?
This intermolecular force keeps DNA double stranded/'connects' nucleotides in the middle of the helix.
What are hydrogen bonds?
This is the expected genotypic ratio for a monohybrid cross between two heterozygotes.
What is 1:2:1 (AA:Aa:aa)?
This is a mutation that occurs when one or more bases are inserted/deleted can causes the rest of the reading frame to be incorrect.
What is a frameshift mutation?
This occurs when both alleles are expressed equally and simultaneously.
What is co-dominance?
In a pedigree, this symbol represent twins.
What is two lines branching from the same point (^)?