Random Bio
How many bones does an adult human body contain?
206
What is the largest mammal on earth?
Blue whale
Name the enzyme responsible for creating the "replication fork"
Helicase
Give an example of passive transport.
Osmosis
Diffusion
Define cytoplasm
A gel-like fluid (containing cytosol) where chemical reactions take place and organelles are suspended.
What is the strongest muscle in the human body relative to its size?
Masseter (jaw muscle)
What animal has the closest match to human fingerprints?
Koalas
Why is replication considered "semi-conservative"
Each new double-stranded DNA molecule consists of one original template strand and one newly synthesized strand.
Why does the cell try to reach homeostasis?
To controls its internal environment, keeping it stable even when outside conditions change.
What is the main functional of ribosomes?
Responsible for protein synthesis by translating mRNA into amino acids and then forming polypeptide chains.
What is the most dangerous animal to humans
The mosquito
Name the cells that make up majority of the human body.
Microbial (Bacterial, viral and fungal) - 56% in total
List the roles of DNA polymerase
DNA Replication
DNA Repair
Proofreading
Directional Synthesis
A cell is placed in a solution, and over time, the cell swells and bursts. What type of solution was the cell placed in?
Hypotonic solution.
A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration (and higher water concentration) than the inside of the cell. Water moves into the cell by osmosis, causing it to swell and potentially burst.
What features is unique to the ultrastructure of a prokaryotic cell rather than a eukaryotic cell?
Single, circular naked DNA molecule in a nucleoid region
What are the 2 levels of classification that make up the scientific name of organisms
Genus, specie
How many senses do humans have?
21
What is the main difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?
Mitosis divides the nucleus and genetic material while cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm and the rest of the cell to form two separate cells.
How does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion relies on specific helper proteins embedded in the membrane.
Explain how the ultrastructure of a chloroplast is adapted to its function in photosynthesis.
The chloroplast contains flattened membrane sacs called thylakoids, which maximize the surface area for light absorption and the light-dependent reactions. The fluid stroma contains necessary enzymes (like Rubisco) and a high concentration of substrates for the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions).
What is an enzyme? What do most enzyme names end in?
A protein that speeds up chemical reactions. They end in -ose.
Name 3 organisms other than plants that use photosynthesis.
Algae
Cyanobacteria
Sea slugs
Why do cells need to divide rather than just growing larger and larger?
Inefficiency - DNA cannot meet the demands of a large volumed cell, moving nutrients in and waste out becomes too inefficient.
Define osmosis in terms of water potential or solute concentration gradients.
Osmosis is the net passive movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential (lower solute concentration) to a region of lower water potential (higher solute concentration) across a selectively permeable membrane.
Explain the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts share several ultrastructural features with prokaryotes: