Chapter 10 & 11
An animal without a backbone is classified as an
invertebrate
An animal with a backbone is classified as a
Vertebrate
What are hardened remains or evidence of a living thing that existed a long time ago?
Fossils
After swallowing food, it goes into the crop. What is the crop, what does it act as?
An internal storage tank
The body’s tendency to keep internal balance is called...
Homeostasis
Where does the entire digestive process start?
The mouth
What is the main role/function of white blood cells?
Fight off diseases
What are the steps (order) to get to an organ system from cells?
Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ system
The body area in Arthropods where you'll find part of the digestive tract and reproductive organs is called...
The abdomen
What are vertebrae?
Bones that make up the backbone
What is a defining feature about Monotreme mammals (example: platypus)
They lay eggs
What is the gizzard?
Muscular part of the stomach that squeezes and grinds food
The substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs are called...
Nutrients
What do veins do?
Carry blood back to the heart
Define Radial symmetry
Many lines of symmetry that go all throughout the center
Define Bilateral symmetry
1 line of symmetry that divides animals into mirrored halves
A key difference between reptiles and amphibians is that amphibians must stay close to ___________ while reptiles do not need as much of that in their environment
Water
What are mammary glands?
The organs that produce milk that mammals feed their young with
What type of tissue is marrow considered?
connective tissue
What are the two types of digestion?
Mechanical and chemical
What do arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart
What are gills and what are their function?
Organs that remove oxygen from the water
What is the thorax and what do you usually find here?
Midsection, the section where wings and legs are attached
What specific adaptation allows the eggs of reptiles to survive in dry areas on land?
The adaptation of shells
When young develop completely inside the mother’s body (womb) these are known as what kind of mammals?
Placental mammals
Name the 4 types of basic tissues in the human body
Muscular
Connective
Nerve
Epithelial
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach is called the
Esophagus
What are capillaries?
Where substances are exchanged between body and blood
Spiney skin
No distinctly different stages, no larva stage, go from eggs to nymphs (mini versions of adults)
Ex. grasshoppers
What is a swim bladder and what does it help do?
An internal gas-filled sac that helps the fish stabilize its body at different depths
Define what a bird is, naming all the required features.
An endothermic vertebrate that has feathers and a 4 chambered heart, and lay eggs
Define muscular tissue and connective tissue
Muscular: contract or shorten, making body parts move
Connective: provide support and connect all body parts
Define nerve tissue and epithelial tissue
Nerve - carries messages back and forth from the brain and the body
Epithelial - cover the surfaces of the body, inside and out
What is the cardiovascular/circulatory system?
A system that consists of heart, blood vessels, and blood that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells
Name the type of metamorphosis that has 4 different stages and name each of the stages.
Complete metamorphosis: egg, larva, pupa, and adult stage (ex. butterfly)
cephalopods
bivalves
gastropods
Describe the difference between an Ectotherm & Endotherm
Ectotherm: Animals that do not produce much internal heat, get heat from an outside source (Sun)
Endotherm: Animals whose body produces and controls internal heat, get heat from their body
Define marsupial mammals and give an example of a marsupial mammal
Young are born very underdeveloped and will continue to grow in pouches
Kangaroos, opossums, possums, wombats, wallaby, tasmanian devil, koala
Name the two types of muscles in the human body and explain how each works
Voluntary muscles - under conscious control
Involuntary muscles - not under conscious control
Name the 3 main functions of the digestive system
- Break down foods (Digestion)
- Absorb molecules into the bloodstream (Absorption)
- Eliminate wastes from the body (Elimination)
What is the lymphatic system and does it have a pumping system like the cardiovascular system?
A network of veinlike vessels that returns the fluid to the bloodstream. No it does not have a pump