Enzymes & Catalysis
This is the region of an enzyme where the reaction occurs.
What is the active site?
Fatty acids with more double bonds usually have this effect on melting temperature.
What is lowering the melting temperature?
This storage polysaccharide is highly branched and found in animals.
What is glycogen?
This molecule is produced from pyruvate by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
What is acetyl-CoA?
The side of the inner mitochondrial membrane becomes more acidic during electron transport.
What is the intermembrane space?
Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering this energy barrier.
What is activation energy/ delta G?
These double bonds create kinks in fatty acid chains and prevent tight packing.
What are cis double bonds?
These two molecules are produced by splitting fructose-1,6-biphosphate.
What are DHAP and GAP?
This cofactor is covalently attached to lysine in pyruvate carboxylase and carries activated CO2.
What is biotin?
What is Complex II?
This type of catalysis occurs when an enzyme forms a temporary covalent bond with the substrate.
What is covalent catalysis?
This lipid structure is a closed spherical bilayer and can be used in drug delivery.
This glycolytic enzyme produces NADH and converts GAP into 1,3-BPG.
What is GAPDH?
Oxaloacetate cannot freely cross the inner mitochondrial membrane, so it may be converted into this molecule to leave the mitochondria.
What is malate?
This soluble electron carrier transfers electrons from Complex III to Complex IV.
What is cytochrome c?
This enzyme mechanism uses amino acid residues to donate or accept protons during a reaction.
What is acid-base catalysis?
This experimental method measures lateral diffusion of membrane components.
What is FRAP?
This pathway produces NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate.
What is the pentose phosphate pathway?
This TCA enzyme uses a high-energy thioester bond to make GTP.
What is succinyl-CoA synthetase?
This part of ATP synthase forms the proton channel in the membrane.
What is Fo?
In competitive inhibition, this kinetic value increases while this other value stays the same.
What are increased Km and unchanged Vmax?
Lipid rafts are enriched in these two types of membrane components.
What are cholesterol and sphingolipids?
What is transketolase?
These reactions refill citric acid cycle intermediates when they are pulled away for biosynthesis.
What are anaplerotic reactions?
This photosynthetic pathway makes ATP, NADPH, and O2 by moving electrons from water to NADP+.
What is linear electron flow/linear photosynthesis?