Carbohydrates
The term for a single monomer in a carbohydrate polymer
What is a monosaccharide
The bond linking two amino acids in a polypeptide, created with a dehydration synthesis reaction
What is a peptide bond?
The name of a molecule making up an important part of the cell membrane (glycerol + two fatty acids + a phosphate)
What is a phospholipid?
The three components of a nucleic acid
What are the phosphate group, the 5 carbon sugar, and the nitrogenous base?
The cause of lactose intolerance
What is the inability to produce lactase?
The functions of a carbohydrate
What is an energy source, a structural molecule, a method of cell signaling, and a source of raw material for construction.
The four types of R group/side chain that could be present on an amino acid
What are Polar, Nonpolar, Basic (positively charged) and Acidic (negatively charged)
The type of bond holding the fatty acids and glycerol in a triglyceride together, formed through a dehydration reaction.
What is an ester linkage? (formed through an esterification)
The function of the nucleic acid DNA
What is storing hereditary information as a blueprint for protein synthesis?
The part of the enzyme where substrates bind and the reaction occurs
What is the active site?
A straight chain carbohydrate made up of Beta-Glucose, which is important to the structure of cell walls
What is cellulose?
The sequence of amino acids that make up a polypeptide
What is the primary structure
What is cushioning and insulation, being an energy source, being an energy storage molecule, signaling (hormones), and formation of membranes
the inclusion of a Ribose sugar vs a Deoxyribose sugar, and one of the four bases being different.
What is the difference between a DNA and an RNA nucleotide?
A process using ATP energy to move molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient
What is active transport?
A disaccharide made up of glucose and fructose
What is sucrose?
The functions of proteins
What is providing nutritional energy, acting as enzymes, hormones, antibodies, transporters, and structural molecules.
A lipid that keeps the cell membrane at an appropriate fluidity level
What is cholesterol?
The type of bond that holds two nucleic acids together, joined at the phosphate of one acid and the sugar of the next
What is a phosphodiester bond?
The conception of the cell membrane as fluid, in which embedded components flow freely
What is the fluid mosaic model?
The type of bond holding monosaccharides in a carbohydrate together, formed through a dehydration reaction
What is a glycosidic bond?
The combination of two or more polypeptide chains to create one functional protein
What is the quaternary structure (not all proteins have this!)
The process by which unsaturated fats are converted into saturated fats, removing kinks in the structure
What is hydrogenation?
The type of bonds that hold specific nitrogenous bases together (linking the double stranded DNA helix together)
What are Hydrogen Bonds?
BONUS 100 PER BASE YOU CAN NAME
A type of integral protein that spans the membrane and is exposed on both sides
What is a transmembrane protein?