Biochem Basics
The study of the chemical composition and reactions in living matter
What is biochemistry?
Sugar and starches belong to this major class of biomolecules.
What are carbohydrates?
Unlike carbs, lipids are generally cannot dissolve in water. What is the term that matches this?
What is insoluble?
Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and what other element?
What is nitrogen?
Two classes of nucleic acids
What are DNA and RNA
This molecule provides immediate, usable energy to power chemical reactions in cells.
What is ATP?
These compounds contain carbon, makeup living things, and includes carbs, fats, proteins and nucleic acids.
What are organic compounds?
These three elements make up carbohydrates.
What is carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?
What are the three major lipids?
What are triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids?
Proteins are made up of these molecules, which are held together by covalent peptide bonds.
What are amino acids?
A nucleotide consists of a nitrogen base, this type of sugar, and a phosphate group.
What is a pentose sugar?
The breakdown of this molecule captures in ATP.
What is glucose?
These compounds contain water, salts, acids, and bases
What are organic compounds?
Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples of this type of carbohydrate which contain one sugar molecule
What are monosaccharides?
What are the functions of steroids?
Vitamin D, Hormone production and function, product of bile salts.
These proteins are strand-like and primarily structural, while these proteins are spherical and functional.
What are fibrous and globular proteins?
This nucleic acid is double-stranded and serves as the genetic blueprint for protein synthesis.
What is DNA?
This is the most abundant and important inorganic compound that makes up 60-80% of the volume in living cells.
What is water?
What distinguishes an organic compound from an inorganic compound?
What is all organic compounds contain carbon while most inorganic compounds do not?
What are disaccharides?
This type of fat has no double bonds in its fatty acids and is stable and solid at room temp. A good example of this would be butter and animal fat.
What is saturated fats?
These proteins are described as globular proteins that act as catalysts and increase the speed of chemical reactions.
What are enzymes?
In DNA, adenine pairs with this base, while guanine pairs with this base.
What are thymine and cytosine?
These ionic compounds dissociate into ions when dissolved in water and their ions can conduct eletrical currents.
A compound such as water would be placed into which category, while carbohydrates would be placed into what category?
What is inorganic compounds and organic compounds?
Glycogen, starch and cellulose are examples of this type of carbohydrate, which contains multiple sugar molecules.
What are polysaccharides?
What part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic and which part is hydrophobic
Enzymes are specific because they act on only a specific one of these.
What is a substrate?
Unlike DNA, this nucleic acid is single-stranded, uses uracil instead of thymine and has three varieties: messenger, transfer, and ribosomal
What is RNA?
These substances help prevent large, rapid swings in pH by reacting with strong acids or bases.
What are buffers?