Carbon
A compound made of primarily carbon atoms.
Organic Compound
Organic compound with about a 1 carbon:2 hydrogen:1 oxygen ratio.
Carbohydrate
Monomers that link to form proteins.
Amino Acids
Large, non-polar molecules that do not dissolve in water.
Lipids
DNA and RNA are made of thousands of monomers called this.
Nucleotide
A bond where an atom gains or loses and electron.
Ionic Bond
Weak bonds that break and reform between water molecules
Hydrogen bonds
2 pairs of electrons are shared in this.
Double Bond
A simple sugar, like glucose and fructose.
Monosaccharide
The region where the carboxyl group is located on a polypeptide
C-terminus
Unbranched hydro-carbon chains that make up most lipids, such as triglycerides, phospholipids, and waxes.
Fatty acids
Components of a nucleotide
Phosphate, 5 carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base
Two atoms sharing an electron
Covalent bond
Property of water that allows it to absorb heat without raising in temperature
High Heat Capacity
Monomers bonded to each other form this
Polymer
Three or more monosaccharides.
Polysaccharide
The region that makes amino acids different
Side Chain/R Group
The cell membrane is made of this fatty acid, with two fatty acids and a phosphate/functional group attached to a molecule of glycerol
Phospholipid
Purines
Adenine & Guanine
Two atoms sharing an electrons unequally
Polar Covalent Bond
Reason water remains a liquid at high temperatures
High heat of vaporization
In this type of reaction, water is used to break down a polymer.
Hydrolysis Reaction
Animals store glucose in the form of this polysaccharide.
Glycogen
The bond holding proteins together in the primary structure
Peptide Bond
This type of lipid has three fatty acid tails bonded to a glycerol
Triglyceride
Pyrimidines
Thymine, Cytosine, & Uracil
Type of bond found in carbohydrates
Glycosidic linkage
Property responsible for H-bonds/surface tension
Cohesion
In this type of reaction, water is a product.
Dehydration Synthesis
Plants make this polysaccharide, which is a major component of the cell wall.
Cellulose
Level of structure stabilized by hydrogen bonds from amine hydrogens and carboxyl oxygens of the peptide backbone
Secondary structure
Type of lipid involved in cell communication, such as controlling muscle growth
Steroid
Carbon number on nucleotide at which phosphate group is covalently bonded
5'
Type of bond found in DNA
Phosphodiester bond
The partial charges on the atoms in a water molecule
Oxygen is negative, Hydrogen is positive