Water
Substances that dissolve easily in water are said to be
hydrophilic
Protein synthesis requires genetic instructions that originate from this molecule.
What is DNA?
Enzymes are known as biological __________, molecules that speed up chemical reactions
catalysts
Scientific word for the monomers of carbohydrates
monosaccharides
The process that produces the simplest carbohydrate, glucose
photosynthesis
Water is a slightly charged molecule because of its ____ bonding
polar covalent
When it comes to proteins functioning properly, they must have the correct...
What is shape (or structure)
Each type of enzyme is structured in such a way that it can only interact with 1 specific ___________
substrate
Scientific term for carbohydrates that contains 2 sugar molecules
disaccharides
All 4 biomolecules contain these elements
CHO
Hydrophobic substances will have intramolecular bonds that are mostly
nonpolar covalent
The first level of protein structure can best be described as this
The sequence (order) of amino acids
Catalase digests hydrogen peroxide. This chemical process results in these 2 products.
oxygen and water
Ratio of C to H to O in sugar molecules (hint- glucose's chemical formula is C6H12O6)
1:2:1
The type of lipid that makes up our cell membranes
Phospholipids
The polarity of water allows it to make this kind of bond between different water molecules
Hydrogen bonds
Hydrogen bonds hold the unique shapes of polypeptide chains in place. These bonds are easier to break than this type of covalent bond that links individual amino acids together in a polypeptide chain
An enzyme's optimal pH is 3. When exposed for extended time to a pH of 7, no product resulted from the chemical reaction. This is because the enzyme...
became denatured
The process that bonds single sugars into longer, more complex carbohydrates
dehydration synthesis
Lipids known as triglycerides (fats and oils) consist of these 2 components.
Glycerol and fatty acids
Water coheres more strongly to itself than to the air above it. This creates..
Surface tension
The 2nd level of protein structure features these 2 possible shapes that form from the interactions between the amino and carboxyl groups in each amino acid.
alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet
In an experiment, lactase enzymes at 25 degrees C produced 3,000 mg/dL of glucose while lactase enzymes at 10 degrees C produced 100 mg/dL of glucose. The best explanation for this is...
25 degrees is closer to the optimal temperature for normal lactase function.
The process that breaks apart complex carbs into their building block units
hydrolysis
The 3 parts of a nucleotide
sugar (ribose), phosphate group, nitrogenous base