Intro to Biochem and Carbs
Name a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide
Mono-glucose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose, galactose
Di-sucrose, lactose, maltose
Poly-starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin
What are two characteristics of lipids?
hydrophobic, nonpolar, organic, fatty acid monomer
Name two examples of proteins found in living things
including but not limited to: antibodies, enzymes, hemoglobin, collagen, insulin, etc.
C, H, O, N, P
This molecule belongs to what biomolecule family?
protein-amino acid
Name the monomers of each category of biomolecule
monosaccharide, amino acid, fatty acid + glycerol, nucleotide
What is one difference between a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid?
Sat fat- single bonds between carbons, forms products that are solid at room temp.
Unsat fat- at least one double bond between carbons, forms products that are liquid at room temp.
What structural component of amino acids make each of them unique?
the R group
What are the main components in the monomer of nucleic acids?
sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate group
What is the name of this molecule?
maltose-disaccharide
Using a molecule of water to break a phosphate bond in ATP, thus creating ADP + phosphate, is an example of
hydrolysis
What are the two lipids present in the cell membrane?
cholesterol and phospholipid
What are some (at least 2) bonds/interactions involved in the tertiary level of protein folding?
hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions, disulfide bridges, ionic bonding, etc.
What bond holds nucleotides together?
phosphodiester linkage
This monomer belons to which biomolecule category?
nucleic acids (nucleotide)
Why can't humans digest cellulose? Be specific
Due to the beta linkages between the glucose monomers, we lack the enzymes to break it down.
How do lipids and carbohydrates differ in terms of energy storage/usage?
lipids can provide more energy due to hydrocarbon chain so it is better for long term usage. Carbs generally provide better short term usage and is what our bodies use first for energy processing.
What specifically has to occur in order for amino acids to bond together?
OH is lost from carboxyl and H is lost from amino group, forms a water molecule, allowing C and N from their respective amino acids to bind together.
What are two differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA- double stranded, deoxyribose sugar, found in nucleus
RNA- single stranded, ribose sugar, found in ribosome/RER (will technically be made in the nucleus during transcription and move out)
What is the name of structure 4?
It is a unsaturated fatty acid chain
A molecule can be hydrolyzed and contains levels of nitrogen and sulfur. It must be a(n)... (doesn't have to be very specific but can't just say "organic compound")
protein
How do steroids differ from other lipids?
made up of 4 carbon rings as opposed to containing hydrocarbon chains (attached to a carboxyl group)= fatty acids
(cholesterol does have a fatty acid tail)
What happens when a protein denatures? What are two things that can cause a protein to denature?
it unfolds and loses its shape (cannot function properly) pH levels, temperature, radiation or chemical changes
Name an example of a nucleic acid that isn't DNA or RNA
ATP or ADP
What biomolecule category does this molecule belong to? What is its specific name?
Lipid; Steroid; Estrogen