Types of Bonds
Organic Molecules
Cell Organelles
Properties of Water
Cell Membranes
100
Which bond is formed between two polar molecules?
Hydrogen Bonds
100
What property of carbon allows it to be the backbone of macromolecules?
Its 4 valence electrons
100
What is the major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles
100
What chemical property of water gives it its life giving properties?
It is polar so forms hydrogen bonds!
100
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic? Hydrophilic?
Head = hydrophilic Tail = hydrophobic
200
What type of bond is most soluble in water?
Ionic Bonds
200
Describe the process of dehydration synthesis
A monomer is linked to another monomer/polymer through the removal of water molecule
200
What is the structure and function of chloroplasts?
Structure: An outer membrane and inner thykaloid discs Function: Photosynthesis
200
Which property of water allows it to be transported up plant stems?
Cohesion: Water molecules "stick together" and pull each other along against gravity
200
What types of molecules pass easily through the cell membrane?
Nonpolar (hydrophobic) molecules
300
What type of bond is the strongest, because an electron pair is being shared?
Covalent Bonds
300
Describe the process of hydrolysis
A macromolecule is split through the addition of a water molecule
300
What is the structure and function of mitochondria?
Structure: Outer smooth membrane and inner folded membrane Function: Cellular Respiration
300
Which property of water allows it to store and release large amounts of energy?
Its high specific heat
300
What type of proteins allow molecules to pass through the cell membrane?
Transport proteins
400
Explain the difference between a single covalent bond and a double covalent bond
A single covalent bond is when two atoms share a single pair of electrons. Double bonds occur when two atoms share two pairs of electrons
400
Describe two functions of carbohydrates
1) Provide short term energy for cells 2) Provide support for plant cells (cellulose in cell walls) 3) Glycolipids/glycoproteins allow for cell-cell communication
400
What is the major difference between the rough ER and the smooth ER?
The rough ER has ribosomes
400
Why does ice float?
Hydrogen bonds cause it to be less dense than liquid water
400
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
Active transport requires energy!
500
Which organic molecule's 3D structure is held together by Van der Waals Interactions?
Proteins
500
Describe 2 functions of lipids
1) Provides long term energy for cells 2) The major molecule in cell membranes 3) Hormones
500
Describe the function of the following organelles: lysosomes, vacuoles, golgi apparatus
Lysosomes: contain hydrolytic enzymes to breakdown molecules Vacuoles: storage Golgi apparatus: packages and ships cell products
500
Water is a universal solvent. What types of molecules cannot dissolve in water?
Hydrophobic molecules --> Non polar molecules
500
Explain exocytosis and endocytosis
Exocytosis: large amounts of matter exit cells through vesicles Endocytosis: large amounts of matter enter cells through vesicles
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