CHAPTER 1
A hypothesis is
An educated guess that explains a phenomenon or answers a question
Isotopes of an element differ in
The number of neutrons
mass divided by volume equals
density
functional group that acts as a base
amino group
building blocks of macromolecules
monomers
A substance that cannot be changed through a chemical reaction
element
A polar covalent bond occurs when
Electrons orbit both nuclei, BUT spend unequal amounts of time around each one causing the charge to be unequally distributed
Within the water molecule, ___ bonds connect two hydrogen to every oxygen
polar covalent
-COOH. Carbon double bonded to oxygen and bonded to hydroxyl group.
carboxyl group
4 major macromolecules
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
An unstable isotope (constantly changing by giving off energy particles)
Radioisotope
atoms share valence electrons in a ___ bond
hydrogen
lipids that make up cell membrane
phospholipids
>C=O. If within the chain, it is a ketone. If at the end of the carbon skeleton, it is an aldehyde. Also, aldehydes have an H.
carbonyl group
C₆H₁₂O₆ Is the formula for
GLUCOSE
no difference exists between a treatment and control in an experiment
null hypothesis
The physical aspects of an atom (its identity) are a result of the number of
Protons
results from the tight clinging-together of water molecules, due to their hydrogen bonding
surface tension
-OPO₃²⁻. Usually ionized and attached to the carbon skeleton by one of its oxygen groups
phosphate group
The storage from glucose in an animal is most often
glycogen
taxonomical hierarchy
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
chemical bond where electrons are gained or lost
ionic
it has four electrons in its valence shell, which can hold a total of 8. Therefore, it can share its electrons in up to four covalent bonds in order to attain a full octet.
carbon
functional group involved in gene expression
methyl group
most proteins in a cell are used as..
enzymes