Definitions
The conversion of sunlight energy into chemical energy
What are the three stages of the Calvin Cycle?
Carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration
What is anaerobic respiration?
The conversion of sugars to chemical energy without the use of oxygen
Where does this process take place?
In the inner mitochondrial membrane
What are the names of the photosystems used in the ETC?
PSI and PSII
The range of all frequencies of radiation emitted by the sun
What is the function of photosystems?
They absorb light energy or photons
What are the three stages of aerobic respiration in eukaryotes?
Oxidation of pyruvate, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
What are the two processes that occur in oxidative phosphorylation?
Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis
Why does the PSII occur first?
The PSI is supplied with necessary electrons that were transferred from PSII
Cellular Respiration
What kind of light can organic pigments absorb?
Only visible light (700 nm to 400 nm)
What all is produced by the Citric Acid Cycle?
1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2
What is the electron transport chain?
The building up of the gradient of protons
What occurs in the PSII?
An excited electron is moved along the ETC to provide energy for the movement of protons
Redox reaction
The transfer of an electron from one molecule to another
What is carbon fixation?
The process of adding an inorganic carbon onto a larger organic molecule
At what point does the citric acid cycle release 2CO2?
When the acetyl group is oxidized
What is the final electron acceptor in ETC; what does it produce?
Oxygen; water
What occurs in the PSI
The excited electron reduces NADP, which produces NADPH
photoautotrophs
Organisms that use light to create their own food
How do light-dependent reactions help light independent reactions?
The energy created from light-dependent reactions are used by the light independent reactions to create carbohydrate molecules
What occurs in the oxidation of pyruvate?
A pyruvate molecule is converted to an acetyl group that is then picked up by a coenzyme A
What is chemiosmosis?
The process where hydrogen ions are moved down their concentration gradient via the ATP synthase in order to produce ATP.
What creates the proton gradient?
During the movement of PSII, protons are pumped into the thylakoid lumen, which creates the gradient