Plasma Membrane
What is osmosis?
Gradual change of solute concentration in two regions
What is a concentration gradient?
6 forms of energy
What are heat, chemical, electrical, light, radiation, sound?
ATP releases energy this way
What is hydrolysis?
Hydrolysis pathway and reaction
What is a catabolic pathway and an exergonic reaction?
Five functions of membrane proteins
What are transport, enzymatic activity, signal transduction, cell-cell recognition, and intercellular joining?
Describe different types of passive transport
What are simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion via channel and carrier proteins?
What is energy from an exergonic reaction?
An electron is lost and an electron is gained
What is oxidation and reduction?
Animal cell shrivels in size
What is a hypotonic solution and a hypertonic cell?
Cold vs hot temperatures
What are unsaturated fatty acids and less cholesterol in cold temperatures? What are saturated fatty acids and more cholesterol in hot temperatures?
What is use of ATP and the use of the electrochemical gradient of another molecule passing through the membrane?
Contrast thermal and chemical energy
What is the kinetic energy and movement of molecules vs the potential energy and release of energy?
Oxidized form of NADH
What is NAD+?
Making a substrate reactive
What is the addition of an inorganic phosphate to a substrate?
Name states of a plant cell and an animal cell in different types of tonicity
What are animal cells that are lysed, normal, and shriveled? What are plant cells that are turgid, flaccid, and plasmolyzed?
Name and describe the 4 cell processes
What are phagocytosis (cellular eating), pinocytosis (cellular drinking), receptor-mediated endocytosis (use of a receptor protein), and endocytosis (substances released out of a cell by a vesicle)?
Laws of thermodynamics (provide an example)
What is... energy cannot be created nor destroyed (chemical reactions) & energy transformations release heat into the universe (combustion/kreb's cycle)?
Coenzymes that is constantly reduced and oxidized in cellular respiration
What are electron carrier molecules? (NAD+/NADH & FAD/FADH2)
2 Al + 3 Cu2+ → 2 Al3+ + 3 Cu
The oxidized element
What is Al?
Draw and explain signal transduction
What is the receptor protein that receives a signal molecule and then relays the message to another protein until a cellular process is carried out?
5 Examples of molecules that need to pass through the membrane with the help of a protein
What are examples of ions, charged molecules, nucleotides, carbohydrates, water, etc.?
Draw a graph representing a reaction without and with an enzyme
Free energy (y), Time/progress (x), EA difference, change in free energy labeled, labeled the products and reactants, identified transition state
Write an example of a redox reaction
Sufficient example will receive points
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light Energy → C6H12O12 + 6 O2
This process compared to cellular respiration
C6H12O12 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP)
Photosynthesis is similar to cellular respiration!