Intro to Cells
Which are more efficient: small cells or large cells?
Small cells
What is the role of the nucleus?
Stores genetic material (DNA)
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Regulates what enters and exits the cell
What is diffusion?
Movement of substance from high to low concentration
Down concentration gradient
Molecules are constantly in motion. This would be an example of what type of energy?
Kinetic energy
Name a component that is common to all cells.
Genetic material (DNA), ribosomes, cytoplasm, plasma membrane
Actin, microtubules, intermediate filaments
What does the term selective permeability mean?
Membrane allows passage of some molecules and not others.
If a transport protein facilitates the movement of two molecules in the same direction, this would be an example of what type of protein?
Symporter
What is the role of an enzyme?
Lower activation energy, speed up reactions
Cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleoid, ribosomes, flagella, capsule, pili
Which organelle is responsible for modifying, packaging, and distributing proteins and lipids?
Golgi apparatus
Name three components of the cell membrane.
Phospholipid bilayer, sterols, integral membrane proteins, interior protein network (peripheral), cell-surface markers (glycoprotein/glycolipid)
Active transport is the movement of molecules ______.
Against concentration gradient
Against electrochemical gradient
From low to high concentration
A substance that binds to a site other than the active site and decreases enzyme activity would be a...
Noncompetitive inhibitor
What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Compartmentalization
Name two functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Lipid and carb synthesis, Ca2+ storage, steroid hormone synthesis, detox
Name two things that increase membrane fluidity.
Unsaturated bonds, shorter FA tails, warmer temperatures, cholesterol in colder temperatures
What is the difference between simple and facilitated diffusion?
Simple diffusion for smaller, nonpolar molecules + no help from protein
Facilitated diffusion for larger, polar, charged molecules + need help from protein (carrier or channel)
Would the formation of a polysaccharide be an example of a catabolic or anabolic reaction?
Anabolic
What are the three parts of the cell theory?
All organisms are made of one or more cells.
Cells are the smallest living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells.
What are two pieces of evidence supporting the Endosymbiosis Theory?
Own DNA and ribosomes, similar size, binary fission, double membrane
Rank these molecules from most to least permeable: glucose, water, sodium (Na+), carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide, water, glucose, sodium
A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which direction will osmosis occur? What will happen to the cell?
Into the cell; cell will burst/lyse
In a specific reaction, the reactants have more energy than the products. 1. Positive or negative change in free energy? 2. Endergonic or exergonic? 3. Spontaneous or not?
Negative, Exergonic, spontaneous