Lipids
This property describes why lipids do not mix with water.
What is hydrophobic (or non-polar)?
The basic monomer units that link together to form a protein
What are amino acids?
The single sugar unit monomer that builds carbohydrates.
What is a monosaccharide?
The basic building block (monomer) of both DNA and RNA
What is a nucleotide?
What the word "macro" means in biological terms
What is big or large?
The three primary elements that make up biological lipids (like carbon, hydrogen, and...)
What is Oxygen?
The total number of standard amino acids used by cells to build proteins
What is 20?
The three main chemical elements that make up all carbohydrate molecules
What are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?
This macromolecule is used to store and transmit genetic information
What is a nucleic acid?
The total number of major biological macromolecules groups
What are four (Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids)?
Unlike carbohydrates and proteins, lipids are not considered true polymers because they are not built from these repeating sub-units
What are monomers?
Proteins that act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in cells
What are enzymes?
The most abundant monosaccharide in nature and the primary energy source for the central nervous system
What is glucose?
These three individual units make up a single nucleotide
What are a base, a phosphate group, and a sugar?
The three elements found in all four major biological macromolecules
What are Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen?
The type of fatty acid that contains only single carbon-carbon bonds and is "saturated" with hydrogen atoms
What is a saturated fatty acid?
The cellular organelle where proteins are actually assembled from mRNA instructions
What is a ribosome?
General term for complex carbohydrates made of long chains of glucose molecules
What are polysaccharides?
This energy currency molecule of the cell is actually a modified nucleotide containing ribose and adenine
What is ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?
The chemical process that joins monomers together by removing a molecule of water
What is dehydration synthesis (or a condensation reaction)?
This type of lipid replaces one fatty acid of a triglyceride with a phosphate group, giving it both hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails
What is a phospholipid?
The level of protein structure that consists simply of the linear sequence of amino acids
What is the primary structure?
The primary structural polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants
What is cellulose?
Guanine (a purine) pairs with Cytosine (a pyrimidine) via this exact number of hydrogen bonds
What are three hydrogen bonds?
The process that breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water
What is hydrolysis?