Energy in Ecosystems
Biogeochemical Cycles
Potluck
Carrying Capacity
Organism Interactions
100
Grass--->Grasshopper-->Frog | | V V Ant--->Lizard------->Snake In the food web above, the ant gets its energy from which organism?
Grass
100
Why is it important for water to be recycled in an ecosystem? A. Recycling water allows organisms to create more water. B. If water isn't recycled, there will be too much of it on Earth. C. Recycling water allows organisms to create less water. D. The water cycle is a closed system, and recycling water is the only way to replenish it for an ecosystem.
D. The water cycle is a closed system, and recycling water is the only way to replenish it for an ecosystem.
100
Which of the following statements is true about the cycling of oxygen in a pond ecosystem? A. Cycling of oxygen is independent from cycling of carbon and hydrogen. B. Oxygen cycles through the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. C. Oxygen cannot cycle because it binds irreversibly to other elements. D. Fish create oxygen through the process of cellular respiration.
B. Oxygen cycles through the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
100
The growth rate of a population is the amount by which a population's size changes in a given time. In which of the following ways are immigration and birth rate similar in regards to a population's growth rate? A. Neither immigration nor births occur if a population has limiting factors. B. Both immigration and births subtract individuals from a population. C. Neither immigration nor births occur when a population has reached its carrying capacity. D. Both immigration and births add individuals to a population.
D. Both immigration and births add individuals to a population.
100
_______ occurs when individual organisms work together to accomplish a common goal. A. Predation B. Cooperation C. Competition D. Parasitism
B. Cooperation
200
Shark (100 kg) Moray Eels (1,000 kg) Shrimp (10,000 kg) Zooplankton (1000,000 kg) Phytoplankton (1,000,000 kg) How is each trophic level of the biomass pyramid related to the adjacent trophic levels in number of kg? A.As the trophic levels progress from phytoplankton to sharks, there is a decrease in the amount of biomass but an increase in the amount of available energy. B.Each trophic level contains one-tenth as much biomass as the level below it and ten times as much biomass as the level above it. C.Each trophic level contains ten times as much biomass as the level below it and one-tenth as much biomass as the level above it. D.As the trophic levels progress from phytoplankton to sharks, there is an increase in both the number of individual organisms and the biomass.
B. Each trophic level contains one-tenth as much biomass as the level below it and ten times as much biomass as the level above it.
200
In the carbon cycle, carbon is taken in by plants A.as carbon dioxide in the process of photosynthesis. B.as water vapor in the process of photosynthesis. C.as ammonia in the process of assimilation. D.as carbon dioxide in the process of decomposition.
A.as carbon dioxide in the process of photosynthesis.
200
What does the following diagram illustrate? Algae-->Minnows--->Salmon--->Bear
A food Chain
200
What is the term that describes the size of a population that can be supported by a given ecosystem? A. recycling capacity B. life support balance C. ecosystem balance D. carrying capacity
D. carrying capacity
200
Ants release chemical pheromones that are detected by other ants. Which of the following best describes the purpose of this? A. It is a way to influence genes. B. It is a means of communication. C. It is a method of excretion. D. It is toxic and kills predators.
B. It is a means of communication.
300
Which organism can be found at the base of almost all food webs?
Plants/Autotrophs
300
How do plants transfer carbon in the carbon cycle?
Consumed or eaten by animals or heterotrophs
300
Which substance is removed from the atmosphere so that plants can carry out photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide
300
Almost no species ever reaches its biotic potential—the population size that the species could produce if all individuals survived and produced offspring. Anything that prevents the species from reaching its biotic potential is called a ________ _______
Limiting Factor
300
Add Populations of typical prey animals, such as deer, might exceed the carrying capacity of an ecosystem if top predators, such as mountain lions, are removed. Without the mountain lions, increased numbers of deer may reduce the food supply available to other herbivores, such as field mice and crickets. As a result, populations of mice and crickets might decline, causing a similar decline in species that feed on these organisms. This example implies that properly functioning predator/prey relationships A. maintain balance within an ecosystem. B. harm all of the organisms in an ecosystem. C. can throw an ecosystem out of balance. D. result in food shortage for the entire ecosystem.
A. maintain balance within an ecosystem.
400
Snake, plant, mouse, grasshopper, hawk Arrange the organisms in order of energy transfer to create the most likely food chain.
plant, grasshopper, mouse, snake, hawk
400
What process in the carbon cycle removes carbon dioxide from the air or water?
Photosynthesis
400
Which of the following could be a sequence in the carbon cycle? A. animals break down glucose and release carbon dioxide, animals consume plants, plants take in carbon dioxide and produce glucose B. plants take in carbon dioxide and produce glucose, animals consume plants, animals break down glucose and release carbon dioxide C. plants take in carbon dioxide and produce glucose, animals break down glucose and release carbon dioxide, animals consume plants D. animals consume plants, plants take in carbon dioxide and produce glucose, animals break down glucose and release carbon dioxide
B. plants take in carbon dioxide and produce glucose, animals consume plants, animals break down glucose and release carbon dioxide
400
The growth rate of a population is the amount by which a population's size changes in a given time. In which of the following ways are immigration and birth rate similar in regards to a population's growth rate? A. Neither immigration nor births occur if a population has limiting factors. B. Both immigration and births subtract individuals from a population. C. Neither immigration nor births occur when a population has reached its carrying capacity. D. Both immigration and births add individuals to a population.
D. Both immigration and births add individuals to a population.
400
The diagram below shows a food chain. Grass → Rabbit → Weasel → Fox → Fungi Which population would most likely increase if the weasel was removed from the food chain?
Rabbit
500
In the flow of energy of an ecosystem, what do both Producers and Consumers give off energy in the form of?
Heat
500
Most of the Earth's oxygen occurs in the form of minerals in the crust and mantle. The oxygen that is available in the atmosphere is used primarily by plants, animals, and bacteria to perform cellular respiration. Why is running out of oxygen still not a real concern? A. Oxygen is recycled through the interrelated processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. B. The Sun creates more than enough new oxygen atoms in the atmosphere by splitting phosphate molecules. C. Oxygen can easily be mined from rocks and sand and then be released into the atmosphere. D. Lightning creates large quantities of ozone, which quickly breaks down into oxygen molecules.
A. Oxygen is recycled through the interrelated processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
500
Groups of European blackbirds often participate in a behavior known as mobbing. Mobbing behavior occurs when individuals of the same species work together to chase off or attack a potential predator. Mobbing can be dangerous to individual European blackbirds since there is a risk of injury during the attack, but it is beneficial to the group overall because a potential predator is removed from the area. Mobbing is an example of _______ between members of a species. A. predation B. cooperation C. parasitism D. competition
B. cooperation
500
A population of meerkats increased in number over a period of one year. Which of the following could be an explanation for this? A. The death rate was greater than the birth rate. B. The birth rate and the death rate were equal. C. The rate of immigration was greater than the rate of emigration. D. The rate of immigration was equal to the rate of emigration.
C. The rate of immigration was greater than the rate of emigration.
500
How does swimming in a school benefit the sardines? A. It allows the sardines to swim much faster than if they were swimming individually. B. It increases the amount of food available to each individual sardine. C. It prevents the sardines from being caught in large fishing nets. D. It reduces predation by making the group of sardines look like one large organism.
D. It reduces predation by making the group of sardines look like one large organism.
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