BIOMOLECULE BREAKDOWN
This biomolecule provides quick energy AND is also found in the cell walls of plants in the form of cellulose.
What is Carbohydrates?
This organelle controls what enters and leaves the cell, helping the cell maintain a stable internal environment.
What is cell membrane?
This type of cell does not have a nucleus and is found in bacteria.
What is a Prokaryotic Cell?
Unlike cells, viruses cannot reproduce independently. They must use this to make more viruses
What is a host cell?
During this stage of the cell cycle, the cell grows, performs normal functions, and copies its DNA in preparation for division.
What is Interphase?
A plant cell has a mutation that prevents it from producing cellulose. Which cell structure would be most directly affected, and which biomolecule is missing?
What is Cell Wall: Carbohydrate?
An athlete eats eggs after practice. The amino acids from the eggs help the body build and repair tissues. Which biomolecule is this?
What is proteins?
A cell needs large amounts of energy to perform its function. Which organelle would you expect to find in large numbers?
What is mitochondria?
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain these tiny structures responsible for making proteins.
What is ribosomes?
Viruses and cells both contain this type of molecule that carries genetic information.
What is Nucleic Acids/Genetic Material?
After mitosis, this process divides the cytoplasm and separates one cell into two daughter cells.
What is Cytokinesis?
A scientist observes a cell containing a nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and a cell membrane, but no cell wall or chloroplasts. What type of cell is it, and what evidence supports your answer?
Animal/eukaryotic cell; it has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles but lacks plant-specific structures.
This biomolecule is made of glycerol and fatty acids, stores long-term energy, and is an important part of the cell membrane.
What is Lipids?
A cell produces proteins that will be transported out of the cell. Which two organelles are directly involved in making and packaging these proteins?
What is Ribosomes & Golgi Apparatus?
A scientist observes a cell with circular DNA floating freely in the cytoplasm. What type of cell is it?
What is Prokaryotic cell?
A virus has genetic material surrounded by a protective protein coat. What is this protective coat called?
What is a capsaid?
This process divides the nucleus and ensures each new cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.
What is Mitosis?
A bacterial cell contains a small, circular piece of DNA separate from its main chromosome. What is this structure called?
What is Plasmid?
The monomers of this biomolecule contain a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. It stores and transmits genetic information.
What is nucleic acids?
A plant is unable to capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?
What is Chloroplast?
One cell contains linear chromosomes enclosed inside a nucleus, while another contains circular DNA that is not enclosed in a nucleus. Which cell is eukaryotic?
The cell with linear chromosomes enclosed in a nucleus
A student argues that viruses are living because they contain genetic material and can reproduce. What evidence best challenges the student's claim?
Viruses cannot reproduce or carry out life processes independently; they require a host cell.
A checkpoint detects DNA damage, but the cell continues dividing instead of stopping or repairing the damage. What could result from this loss of cell-cycle control?
Uncontrolled cell division / a tumor
Both a cell membrane and a viral capsid provide protection. What is one major difference between these structures?
A cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves a cell, while a capsid primarily protects the virus's genetic material.
A cell cannot produce an enzyme needed for a chemical reaction. Which biomolecule is affected, and which monomer is needed to build it?
What is Protein; amino acids?
A toxin damages the cell membrane, causing substances to move into and out of a cell uncontrollably. Explain why this damage could eventually cause the cell to die.
The cell cannot maintain homeostasis.
A newly discovered organism has a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA but no membrane-bound organelles. A student claims it must be eukaryotic because it contains DNA. What evidence proves the student's claim is incorrect?
Eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; the observed cell lacks them.
A scientist develops a treatment that prevents a virus from attaching to a host cell. Predict how this would affect the virus's ability to reproduce
The virus would be unable to enter/infect the host cell and use its cellular machinery to reproduce.
A damaged somatic cell receives signals telling it to destroy itself instead of continuing through the cell cycle. What process is occurring, and why is it important?
Apoptosis; it prevents damaged cells from continuing to divide.
A skin cell divides to replace cells lost after an injury. If the original cell contains 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes should each new daughter cell contain after mitosis?
46 chromosomes