CELL THEORY
An organism made of only one cell is described by this term.
What is unicellular?
In a bacterium, the genetic material is located in this region.
What is the nucleoid?
This type of cell has membrane-surrounded organelles: prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
What is eukaryotic?
The maintenance of stable conditions inside a cell is called this.
What is homeostasis?
This type of transport does not require the cell to use chemical energy.
What is passive transport?
This outdated model claimed that living organisms could arise from nonliving material.
What is spontaneous generation?
These structures make the rough ER look “rough.”
What are ribosomes?
Name three structures found in plant cells but not animal cells.
What are any three of chloroplasts, leucoplasts, central vacuoles, and cell walls?
The range of conditions in which a cell functions best is called this.
What is the optimal range?
During passive transport, particles generally move from this concentration to this concentration.
What is high concentration to low concentration?
According to cell theory, all new cells come from these.
What are preexisting cells?
This organelle contains digestive enzymes.
What is the lysosome?
Photosynthesis takes place in these stacks inside chloroplasts.
What are grana?
In this type of solution, the solute concentration outside the cell equals the concentration inside the cell.
What is isotonic?
The diffusion of a solvent such as water through a semipermeable membrane is called this.
What is osmosis?
These two scientists proposed that all plants and animals are made of cells.
Who are Schleiden and Schwann?
This organelle receives substances from the ER and packages them into vesicles.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
This pressure produced by water in the central vacuole helps keep plant cells rigid.
What is turgor pressure?
A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which direction will water move, and what will happen to the cell?
Water moves into the cell, causing the cell to swell.
Name the four factors that determine whether a substance can enter a cell through passive transport.
Name the four factors that determine whether a substance can enter a cell through passive transport.
Name three scientists who contributed to cell theory and give one contribution from each.
Any three appropriate combinations: Hooke—used the term “cell” for cork; Leeuwenhoek—observed cells/microorganisms; Brown—named the nucleus; Schleiden & Schwann—proposed plants and animals are made of cells; Remak—discovered cells divide to produce new cells; Virchow—proposed cells come from preexisting cells.
This material in the nucleus consists of DNA, RNA, and associated proteins.
What is chromatin?
Name the two cytoskeleton extensions used for propulsion and give one difference between them.
What are cilia and flagella? Cilia are generally shorter and more numerous, while flagella are longer and usually fewer.
Explain the difference between positive and negative feedback.
Positive feedback speeds up a cellular process; negative feedback slows down or stops a cellular process.
Give the two ways from the test that a substance can enter a cell through active transport.
A transport protein can use energy to change shape and move a substance across the membrane, or a large particle can enter through endocytosis.