The Human Body
During a marathon, a runner's body temperature rises above normal, which triggers the sweat glands to contract. This response is known as
Homeostasis (negative feedback loop)
The 4 letters (or bases) that make up our DNA
A (adenine), T (thymine), G (guanine), C (cytosine)
Antibiotic resistance typically begins with a random change in a single bacterium's DNA sequence, which accidentally provides a survival benefit against medication. This genetic event has occurred.
Mutation
What is the original source of energy in most ecosystems?
The sun
In an experiment testing the effect of fertilizer on plant growth, what is the independent variable (IV)?
Amount (or presence) of fertilizer
A cell is placed in an environment with a lower water concentration (or more solute) than the cell itself. What will happen to the cell's volume?
It will decrease (cell will shrivel)
Other than for the purposes of cellular reproduction, DNA serves this other role
Directions/Instructions to synthesize proteins
Scientists compare DNA sequences from two species and find they share 99% of their genes. What does this suggest?
They share a common ancestor
The process by which an existing community of a producer population is replaced over time by another community, which is more stable
Ecological succession
The manipulation of only one variable in biological experiments is important for this reason
Increase the validity of the experiment (to determine cause and effect)
A reduction in oxygen reaching the muscle cells will affect this cellular process most directly
Cellular respiration
Different versions of the same gene are referred to by this term
Allele
A bird population contains mostly small-beaked birds. After several droughts, large hard seeds become the primary food source. Several generations later, larger beaks are more common. What process occurred?
Natural selection
Biotic and abiotic limiting factors restrict the infinite growth of a population. The point at which the birth rate equals the death rate is known as
Carrying capacity
Larger sample size (participants) and additional trials
A toxin damages mitochondria in liver cells. Which molecule will be produced in lower quantities as a result?
ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate)
A farmer plants genetically identical crops over a large area. What biological disadvantage could result?
Reduced genetic variation could result in similar response to diseases, which could result in widespread crop failure.
Why is genetic variation necessary for evolution? [Describe the reason]
Variation allows some individuals to survive environmental changes.
A new species enters an ecosystem and outcompetes native organisms for resources. What type of species is this?
An invasive species
A scientist concludes that a new drug accelerated weight loss in patients but did not include patients taking the old drug (or no drug). What major flaw exists?
No control group
A mutation changes the shape of an enzyme’s active site, which drastically reduce the its reaction rate. What term is associated with an enzyme losing its ability to function properly.
Denaturation (or denatured)
The building blocks of protein contain this molecule, which is characterized by the presence of what essential 'element of life?' (2-parter)
Amino acids, which contain the element 'nitrogen'
The forelimbs of humans, whales, and bats share a similar bone structure inherited from a common ancestor, even though they serve very different functions. What evidence of evolution does this represent?
Homologous structures
A food web loses all of its producers. Which trophic level will be affected first?
Primary consumers, herbivores, trophic level 2
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of using hydroxyapatite toothpaste vs. fluoride toothpaste in the prevent of cavities. What 2 constants must the experimenter establish to ensure valid results?
Brush same number of times, brush same amount of time, same toothbrush, same overall dental health, same/similar sugar intake, same age, etc.