Cell Membrane & Transport
This structure forms the outer boundary of the cell and controls what enters and leaves.
What is the cell membrane?
This organelle is the control center of the cell and houses DNA.
What is the nucleus?
This scientist first observed cells in cork and gave them their name.
Who is Robert Hooke?
This jelly-like fluid fills the cell and surrounds its organelles.
What is cytoplasm?
A student observes that plant cells have a rigid outer layer that animal cells lack. What is this structure called?
What is the cell wall?
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Question: A cell produces a protein that needs to be released outside the cell. Describe the path the protein takes through the cell, naming the structures involved in the correct order and explaining the job of each structure.
Correct response (Teacher Key):
Nucleus: Contains the DNA instructions for making the protein.
Ribosomes: Build the protein.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): Transports the protein through the cell.
Golgi apparatus: Packages the protein for export.
Vesicle and cell membrane: The vesicle carries the protein to the membrane, where it exits through exocytosis.
This type of transport requires no energy and moves molecules from high to low concentration.
What is passive transport?
These organelles build proteins.
What are ribosomes?
According to cell theory, all living things are made of these.
What are cells?
This molecule stores the genetic instructions used by cells.
What is DNA?
You spray perfume in one corner of a room. Eventually, people across the room can smell it. What process explains this?
What is diffusion?
This process is the diffusion of water across a membrane.
What is osmosis?
This organelle packages and exports proteins, like a post office.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
These cells lack a nucleus but still contain DNA.
What are prokaryotic cells?
This term describes molecules becoming evenly spread throughout a space.
What is equilibrium?
A plant wilts after salt is added to the soil. Explain what happens to its cells.
Water moves out of the cells by osmosis, causing them to lose water and become less firm.
A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What happens to the cell as water moves?
It loses water and shrinks.
This organelle breaks down waste using digestive enzymes.
What is the lysosome?
Name two types of organisms that have eukaryotic cells.
Any two: plants, animals, fungi, or protists.
This process takes large materials into a cell by enclosing them in a membrane.
What is endocytosis?
A person with cystic fibrosis has defective channels in the cell membrane. Explain how this can affect the body.
Materials such as ions do not move across the membrane normally, contributing to thick mucus, respiratory problems, and difficulty absorbing nutrients.
A cell uses ATP and transport proteins to move materials against the concentration gradient. What type of transport is occurring?
What is active transport?
Explain how the ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus work together to make and export a protein.
Ribosomes make proteins, the ER transports them, and the Golgi apparatus packages and exports them.
State all three parts of the cell theory.
Living things are made of cells; cells are the basic unit of structure and function; new cells come from existing cells.
This theory proposes that eukaryotic cells evolved when prokaryotic cells engulfed or absorbed other cells
What is the endosymbiosis theory?
A cell's mitochondria stop producing enough ATP. Explain why this could affect active transport and the cell's ability to maintain homeostasis.
Active transport requires ATP. Without enough energy, the cell may not move materials properly across its membrane or maintain stable internal conditions.