Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Cell cycle
mitosis
meiosis
100
what is the summary equation for cellular respiration
What is C6+H12+06-->6CO2+6H2O+ATP+HEAT
100
------can convert inorganic carbon sources to organic material and are producers of the biosphere as opposed to heterotrophs which obtain their organic material from other organisms and are consumers of the biosphere
What is autotrophs
100
--- consists of chromatin a complex DNA and protein that condenses during cell division
What is eukaryotic chromosomes
100
chromosomes become visible as they condense, mitotic spindle begin to form and centrosomes begin moving apart
What is prophase
100
-- are haploid and therefore have half the number of normal chromosomes for the given species
What is gametes
200
In what kind of reaction are electrons lost or oxidized and this substance is the reducing agent
What is in oxidation
200
---includes the colors of light we can see and includes the wavelengths that drive photosynthesis (380nm-750nm range)
What is visible light spectrum
200
--- has two sister chromatids which separate during cell division and are attached by a central area called the centromere
What is a duplicated chromosome
200
each pole has complete set of daughter chromosomes, begin to become diffuse, daughter nuclei form from nuclear membrane restructures
What is telophase
200
---occurs in prophase one of meiosis one and involves the switching of genes between the non=sister chromatids of homologues which allows the novel mixture of maternal and paternal genetic material with new chromosomes
What is crossing over
300
during what process is glucose oxidized and oxygen reduced and there is a movement of hydrogen atoms and their electrons from glucose
What is cellular respiration
300
---are the two processes of photosynthesis 1. first stage occurs in the thylakoid membrane and splits water, releases oxygen, produces ATP and forms NADPH 2. occurs in stroma;forms sugar from carbon dioxide , using ATP for energy and NADPH for reducing power from the light reactions
What is light reactions, then calvin cycle
300
in animal cells when this occurs its know as a process of cleavage, forming cleavage furrow and in plant cells a cell plate forms in this stage
What is cytokinesis
300
centrosomes at opposite poles, chromosomes lined up at metaphase plate with sister chromatids straddling plate, each attached to opposite poly by microtubules
What is metaphase
300
---creates 4 unique daughter cells that have their genetic material shuffled through crossing over and independent assortment and these four daughter cells are haploid
What is meiosis
400
in what order do the stages of cellular respiration occur if first the glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, then completes the breakdown of glucose, and lastly generates lots of atp
What is glycolysis, citric acid cycle( Kreb's cycle), and electron transport chain
400
---and --- generate ATP by chemiosmosis , but use different sources of energy
What is chloroplasts and mitochondria -in chloroplasts they transfer light energy into chemical energy by ATP -in mitochondria they transfer light energy into the chemical energy from food to ATP
400
two types of regulatory proteins involved in the cell cycle control
What is cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases(cdk's) - cdk's activity fluctuates and is controlled by cyclins whose concentrations change during the cell cycle
400
chromatids separate as kinetochore microtubules shorten and non-kinetochore microtubules lengthen to elongate cell
What is anaphase
400
in this phase nuclear membrane reforms around haploid set of chromosomes
What is telophase two in meiosis two
500
before the citric acid cycle can begine what must be first converted to acetyl CoA which links this cycle to glycolysis
What is pyruvate
500
---- are the three phases of the calvin cycle
What is carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration of the CO2 acceptor
500
---do not need growth factors, make their own growth factors, and have abnormal genes in their cell control systems
What is cancer cells
500
cytoplasm divides
What is cytokinesis
500
---are the two chromosomes composing a pair, have the same genes, and also called autosomes
What is homologous chromosomes
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