The passing on of traits from parents to offspring is called this.
What is heredity?
100
The gamete that contains genes contributed only by the mother is this.
What is an egg?
100
Adenine is to thymine as guanine is to this.
What is cytosine?
100
These are the pairing rules for DNA bases, and these are the pairing rules for RNA bases.
What is G-C & T-A in DNA, and G-C & U-A in RNA.
100
Explain why the following is either true or false: A mutation in a person's skin cells can be passed on to that person's offspring, resulting in offspring with mutated skin.
What is false? Only mutations in gametes are passed to offspring.
200
A useful device for predicting the possible offspring of crosses between different genotypes is this.
What is a Punnett square?
200
When an area of a chromatid is exchanged with the matching area on a chromatid of its homologous chromosome, this occurs
What is crossing over?
200
Watson and Crick were the first to suggest that DNA has this shape.
What is a double helix?
200
Messenger RNA is formed in this process.
What is transcription?
200
X rays, ultraviolet light, and radioactive substances that can change the chemical nature of DNA are classified as these.
What are mutagens?
300
A couple has two children, both of whom are boys. This is the chance that the parents' next child will be a boy.
What is 50%?
300
Cells containing two alleles for each trait are described as this.
What is diploid?
300
The backbone of a DNA molecule is made of these two components.
What are phosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugars?
300
tRNA is important in translation because of this.
What is that it matches the mRNA codon with the correct anti-codon, and brings the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome?
300
This is usually the result of a frameshift mutation.
What is nearly every amino acid in the protein will be changed?
400
The statement: "In meiosis, the way in which a chromosome pair separates does not affect the way other pairs separate," is another way of expressing Mendel's law of this.
What is independent assortment?
400
These are two ways of increasing genetic diversity by producing new genetic combinations.
What are independent assortment and crossing over?
400
Genes located on homologous chromosomes may have alternate forms that control different forms of a trait. These alternate forms of a gene are called this.
What are alleles?
400
Ribosomes are made of these and these.
What are rRNA and protein?
400
A DNA segment is changed from-GGCTTG- to -GGCATTG-, which is this type of mutation.
What is an insertion mutation?
500
In the dihybrid cross MmXx & MmXx, this is the fraction of offspring that will be recessive for both traits.
What is 1/16th?
500
This is how nondisjunction can result in an individual having an extra chromosome.
Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis. When this happens one gamete can receive both homologous chromosomes. If this gamete is fertilized by a normal gamete the resulting zygote will have three copies of one chromosome.
500
This is a description of the overall process of replication.
What is: First the double stranded DNA molecule separates like a zipper unzipping. The weak hydrogen bonds between the complimentary nucleotides break and the two DNA strands separate. Then free nucleotides attach to the exposed nucleotides of the DNA strands and bond to form new strands of DNA. From one DNA molecule there are now two DNA molecules. Each one of the DNA molecules has a strand from the original DNA and one new strand.