Molecular and Cellular Biology
This property of water allows it to "stick" to other water molecules, creating surface tension.
What is cohesion?
During this phase of mitosis, sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles.
What is anaphase?
If an organism has two different alleles for a trait (e.g., Aa), it is described as being this.
What is heterozygous?
Charles Darwin proposed this mechanism as the primary driving force behind evolution.
What is natural selection?
In an energy pyramid, only about this percentage of energy is passed from one trophic level to the next.
What is 10%?
These biological catalysts lower the activation energy of a reaction without being consumed.
What are enzymes?
This process occurs in the ribosome, where mRNA is "read" to build a polypeptide chain.
What is translation?
These three factors are the primary influencers of blood flow through the cardiovascular system.
What are blood pressure, blood volume, and resistance (viscosity/vessel length)?
These structures have different functions but similar bone arrangements, suggesting a common ancestor.
What are homologous structures?
This type of ecological succession occurs after a disturbance that leaves the soil intact, like a forest fire.
What is secondary succession?
Often called the "powerhouse," this organelle is the site of cellular respiration in eukaryotes.
What is the mitochondria?
Unlike mitosis, this process results in four genetically unique haploid daughter cells.
What is meiosis?
This type of inheritance occurs when both alleles are expressed equally, such as in AB blood types.
What is codominance?
This is the specific taxonomic rank that falls between "Family" and "Species."
What is genus?
These plant tissues are responsible for transporting water up from the roots and sugar down from the leaves.
What are xylem and phloem?
This type of transport requires ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient.
What is active transport?
This event in Prophase I of meiosis involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
What is crossing over?
These "first responders" of the immune system provide a non-specific defense against pathogens.
What are white blood cells?
This theory suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotes.
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
This is the maximum population size an environment can support indefinitely.
What is carrying capacity?
These are the four main types of macromolecules that make up all living things.
What are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?
DNA replication is described by this term because each new helix contains one original and one new strand.
What is semi-conservative?
This biotech tool uses an electric current to separate DNA fragments by size.
What is gel electrophoresis?
In hominid evolution, this physical trait—walking on two legs—preceded the development of large brains.
What is bipedalism?
This biogeochemical cycle relies heavily on bacteria to "fix" gas from the atmosphere into a usable form.
What is the nitrogen cycle?