Transcription & Translation
What are the three messengers and what do they all do?
What is
mRNA- The messenger between transcription and translation.
tRNA- transports the codons and base pairs to the ribosome.
rRNA- makes up the ribosome.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
During which stage does crossing over occur?
What is Prophase I?
What is survival of the fittest?
What is the survival of the fittest is something or someone that can survive and reproduce to create more offspring.
Two gametes from the same individual contain different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes. Which process created this variation?
Independent Assortment
Where do you find all three of the protein locations?
What is
- Ribosome (Protein factory)
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
- In the cytoplasm
If B = brown eyes (dominant) and b = blue eyes (recessive), what genotype must a blue-eyed individual have?
What is bb? Or homozygous b?
Which process produces genetically identical daughter cells?
What is Mitosis?
What is natural selection?
What is individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more successfully, causing those traits to become more common in a population?
A scientist discovers a mutation that prevents crossing over. Will meiosis still occur?
What is Yes, Meiosis can still occur,, but genetic variation will be reduced?
If I am replacing a base pair with another base pair, what mutation is occurring?
What is Substitution?
A man with blood type AB and a woman with blood type O have children. What blood types are possible?
What is Type A and Type B only?
What separates during Anaphase I of meiosis?
What is homologous chromosomes sister chromatids stay together until Anaphase I?
Which mechanism introduces new alleles into a population?
What is a mutation?
Ten birds from a mainland population colonize an isolated island. One bird carries a rare allele found in only 1% of the mainland population. Fifty years later, the allele frequency on the island is 30%.
What evolutionary mechanism best explains this change?
What is the Founder effect?
What enzyme synthesizes RNA during transcription?
What is RNA Polymerase?
What is the probability that two heterozygous parents (Aa × Aa) will produce an offspring with the recessive phenotype?
What is 25% (aa)?
During which phase is DNA replicated?
A. Prophase
B. Interphase (S phase)
C. Metaphase
D. Telophase
What is B?
A population of white flowers receives pollen from a nearby population of red flowers. Over several generations, red flowers begin appearing in the original population. Which evolutionary mechanism occurred?
What is gene flow?
A mutation occurs in DNA, but the protein remains unchanged. How is this possible?
What is a silent mutation?
A cell contains a mutation that prevents tRNA molecules from attaching amino acids. Will transcription still occur?
What is Transcription? Yes, RNA polymerase does not need tRNA.
Translation: No, without charged tRNAs, amino acids cannot be added to the growing protein.
Two unaffected parents produce a child with an autosomal recessive disorder. What are the parents' genotypes?
What is Both parents must be heterozygous carriers (Aa × Aa)?
A student says: "Crossing over occurs during mitosis and meiosis."
What is No? Crossing over normally occurs during Prophase I of meiosis.
A hurricane destroys most of a lizard population. Before the hurricane, 80% of the population had green scales and 20% had brown scales. By chance, most surviving lizards have brown scales. Twenty years later, 70% of the population has brown scales.
What evolutionary mechanism caused the initial change in allele frequencies?
What is genetic drift? (Specifically, bottleneck)
A cell has normal DNA and normal mRNA but produces an abnormal protein. Where is the most likely problem?
What is translation?