Molecular Genetics
Organizing Life Diversity
Bacteria, Viruses, and Fungi
Mammals and Body Systems
Body Systems (cont.)
100
What is the Human Genome Project (HGP)?
The goal is to determine the sequence of all nucleotides and identify all the genes in a human's DNA.
100
Why is a virus not mentioned into the classification system?
Viruses are nonliving and have no cells.
100
What is a prion?
A protein that causes infection or disease.
100
Name the three layers of the Inegumentary System from top to bottom.
Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous/hypodermis
100
Of the five kinds of common drugs, what is cold medication classified as?
over-the-counter
200
Which of these is not a STOP codon? A.) UAA B.) UGA C.) UGG D.) UAG
C, UGG (tryptophan)
200
Mention at least two rules when it comes to writing a scientific name.
1-) The first letter of the genus name is always capitalized, but everything else is in lowercase. 2-) If the scientific name is written in a book, it must be italicized. 3-) If the scientific name is written by hand, it must be underlined. 4-) First time it is mentioned, the name cannot be abbreviated. Any time after that, only the genus us abbreviated into only the first letter.
200
Name two examples of viruses.
AIDS, herpes, measles, mumps, chicken pox, cold, flu, warts, shingles, gastroenteritis, polio, meningitis, rabies, smallpox, hepatitis.
200
What are the the only two monotreme species existing today?
Platypus and echidna.
200
What kind of cell forms bones, and what kind of cell breaks them down?
Osteoblasts: form bones Osteoclasts: break them down
300
What is the mRNA sequence for: 5' TACAAACTAGAA 3'
5' AUGUUUGAUCUU 3'
300
What are the Kingdoms and which Domains do they belong to?
Eubacteria - Bacteria Archaebacteria - Archaea Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia - Eukarya
300
What is an endospore?
A spore that develops in some bacterial cells that responds to environmental stimulus and allows the production of a new bacterial cell when the original one dies.
300
What are the four trophic categories of mammals based on their nutrition? Define each briefly.
1-) insectivores: eat insects 2-) herbivores: eat vegetation 3-) carnivores: eat meat 4-) omnivores: eat both plants and animals
300
What are the five senses and with what body part are they associated with?
Taste: tongue Smell: nose Sight: eyes Touch: skin Hearing/balance: ears
400
Name two examples of tools of genetic engineering.
Eco-RI, Gel Electrophoresis, Recombination DNA Technology, Gene Cloning, DNA Sequencing, PCR.
400
What is the order of the Taxonomic Classification System from broadest to most specific?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
400
What are the three kinds of fungi that differ in the way they obtain nutrition?
Saprophytic, parasitic, and mutualistic.
400
Name at least three benefits of mammals having hair.
Insulation, camouflage, sensory devices, waterproofing, signalling, defense.
400
What are the two "star-crossed lovers" that create a myofibril, and do they assist with contracting muscles, or relaxing muscles?
Myosin and actin, and they assist with contracting muscles.
500
What is semi-conservative replication and what are the three steps? Briefly explain.
The mechanism by which DNA is replicated through all known cells. Unwinding - Double helix unzips. Base pairing - C+G and A+T bind, as parental DNA serves as template for new strands. Joining - Two strands rejoin, carrying half the DNA of the parental strand each.
500
What are the three species concepts and their definitions?
Typological: classification determined by comparison of physical characteristics with a specimen. Phylogenetic: classification determined by evolutionary history. Biological: classification determined by similar characteristics/ability to interbreed and produce offspring.
500
What are the types of protists and give an example of each.
Protozoans - ciliates, amoebas, apicomplexans, zooflagellates Algae - euglenoids, diatoms, dioflagellates, green/red/brown/yellow algae Funguslike - smile/water molds, mildews
500
Which of these is an example of innate behavior? A.) A newborn child grasping an object placed in its hand B.) A spider spinning a web C.) Mother goose rolling a fallen egg back into the nest D.) Dolphin leaping from water
C, Mother goose rolling a fallen egg back into nest (fixed action pattern)
500
Describe the environment inside and outside of a neuron, and what occurs when a nerve impulse reaches the neuron.
Inside: positively-charged potassium ions and negatively-charge proteins that cause the inside of the environment to be negatively charged. Outside: Positively-charged sodium ions. When nerve impulse hits the neuron, the gated channels open, and the potassium ions leave the cell while the sodium ions enter. The charges switch for a few moments, and once the stimulus has occurred, the ions return to their original positions.
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