Central Dogma
Shape of DNA
What is a double helix?
The fourth stage of mitosis
What is telophase?
Monk who came up with the law of independent assortment, law of segregation, and law of dominance / recessiveness as his main "assumptions"
Who is Gregor Mendel?
The 5 parts of PVIST
What is population, variation, inheritance, survival, and time?
The 3 distribution patterns
What is clumped, near uniform, random?
What are messenger, transfer, and ribosomal?
The stage after mitosis (Not part of PMAT)
What is cytokinesis?
5 types of non-mendelian genetics
Acceptable answers are incomplete dominance, pleiotropy, epistasis, polygeny, codominance, or environment
The 4 scientists who contributed to Darwin's theory of evolution
Who are Georges Cuvier, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Charles Lyell, and Thomas Malthus?
The three survivorship curves (draw them on the board)
Draw them on the board
The 5 enzymes involved in DNA replication
What are helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, DNA polymerase I, and ligase?
A word used to describe chromosomes that are of the same length, size, and contain the same gene sequence.
What is homologous (chromosomes)?
6 chromosomal alterations (large scale and/or small scale) and what 2 of them mean
Acceptable answers: Insertions (random DNA sequence inserted into chromosome), deletions (random DNA sequence deleted from chromosome), duplications (random DNA sequence duplicated), translocations (broken chromosome reattached in wrong place), inversions (random DNA sequence flipped), aneuploidy (too many/few chromosomes), trisomy (3 chromosomes), monosomy (1 chromosome)
The 4 trends of macroevolution
What are stasis, adaptive radiation, coevolution, and extinction?
The 3 types of symbiotic relationships and their definitions
Commensalism: Benefits one, doesn't affect other
Mutualism: Benefits both
Parasitism: Benefits one, harms other
The start codon for translation and the protein it encodes
What is AUG and methionine?
A region of dense cytoplasm in the cell from which spindle fibers that fasten to chromosomes during (mit)/(mei)osis emerge
What is the centrosome(s)?
The definition of one of Mendel's assumptions
Some possible answers: Law of independent assortment is that chromosomes are sorted into gametes independently of each other, law of segregation is that every individual possesses two alleles of a gene, and these copies separate randomly during meiosis, law of dominance / recessiveness is that one of a gene's alleles masks the other completely
Homologous: structures that are similar in different species because they evolved in a common ancestor
Analogous: structures that are similar in different species because the 2 species were subjected to similar environmental pressures
The 2 life history patterns and their definitions
R-selection: Parent produces as much offspring as possible
K-selection: Parent produces few offspring but invests a lot of energy into raising them
Scientists who discovered structure of DNA and scientist who observed base pairing rules in DNA
Who is Watson & Crick, and Erwin Chargaff?
An event during metaphase / anaphase where chromatids / chromosomes aren't properly attached to spindle fibers, but get pulled apart unevenly anyways
What is a nondisjunction event?
What P, F1, F2 stand for
P stands for "parent generation," F1 stands for "first fillial," F2 stands for "second fillial"
The definition of a vestigial structure
What is a structure that once had a function but over time evolved to lose that function and become essentially useless?
The equations for logistic growth and exponential growth
Logistic: G = (N x r)((k-n)/k)
Exponential: G = (N x r)