A
What organelle controls the activities of the cell?
Nucleus
Which element is present in all carbohydrates?
Carbon
Which organelle is the site of aerobic respiration?
Mitochondrion
What type of biological molecules are enzymes?
Proteins
/What is the movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane?
Osmosis
What are the 3 elements found in carbohydrates?
Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen
What is the function of the ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Site of aerobic respiration and release energy in the form of ATP
What carbohydrate is stored in plants?
Starch
What is the function of the cellulose cell wall?
Provides support and strengthens the plant cell, preventing it from bursting
What are proteins made from?
Amino acids
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
provides site of protein synthesis, and transports proteins with ribosomes attached to its surface
What is the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccaharide
Mono- a single sugar molecule
Di- consists of 2 monos joined together
What is the function of the Golgi body?
Modifies and packages proteins into vesicles for transport or secretion
What is the difference between starch, glycogen and cellulose, and where are they found
Starch - storage carbohydrate in plants
Glycogen - storage carbohydrate in animals
Cellulose - forms the cell walls of plants
What type of bond joins amino acids together in a protein
peptide bonds
give 3 ways a red blood cell is adapted to its function
Biconcave disk shape
No nucleus
contains heamoglobin
flexible shape
difference between a triglyceride and a phospholipid
triglyceride-3 fatty acids and glycerol
phospholipid - 2 fatty acids, glycerol and a phosphate group
explain how the nucleus and ribosomes work together to produce a protein
DNA in nucleus is transcripted into mRNA. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches a ribosome, where amino acids are joined together to form a protein
explain why enzyme activity decreases rapidly above its optimum temp
high temp breaks bonds maintaining the enzyme's structure. The active site will become denatured so substrate can no longer bind to it.
A student adds Benedict's solution to a food sample and heats it, what type of molecule are they testing for, and what positive result would they observe?
testing for reducing sugars, a positive result is green, yellow, orange,brick-red ppt
explain how the mitochondrion is related to its function?
Inner membrane folded with cristae - large SA
Contains mitochondrial DNA - creates proteins
Contains enzymes - for reactions involved in respiration
explain why phospholipids are able to form a bilayer in the cell surface membrane
phosphate heads are hydrophilic and face watery environments, while the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic and face away from water
A cell produces a protein that will be secreted outside the cell, name the organelles involved in producing, modifying and transporting this protein
nucleus->ribosome on rough ER->Golgi body ->secretory vesicle -> cell surface membrane
explain what happens to a plant cell placed in a solution with a lower water potential than the cell
-water moves out of the cell by osmosis
- vacuole and cytoplasm decrease in volume
- cell membrane moves away from the cell wall
- the cell becomes plasmolysed