Intro to Bio
This is the smallest unit of matter
What is an atom?
This element makes up the backbone of macromolecules
What is carbon?
Enzymes are a specialized type of this macromolecule
What are proteins?
This cell type contains a nucleus and organelles (such as mitochondria)
What are eukaryotes?
This word means "in the absence of oxygen". It is the type of respiration that fermentation goes through.
What is anaerobic?
This is the most basic unit of life
What is a cell?
This is the monomer of carbohydrates
What is a monosaccharide?
The energy needed to start a reaction is called this
What is activation energy?
This organelle directs cell processes by providing DNA instructions. It is surrounded by its own membrane and is covered in pores.
What is the nucleus?
The overall goal of photosynthesis is to convert solar energy into this molecule
What is glucose?
This measures the concentration of H+ vs. OH- in a solution
What is pH?
This type of fatty acid does not have all the hydrogen possible and has a double bond in its structure
What is unsaturated?
This is the name of the site where the enzyme and the substrate join together
What is the active site?
This term refers to the direction the particles are moving; you are either going with it or against it.
What is the concentration gradient?
The majority of ATP for the cell is created during this stage of cellular respiration
What is the electron transport chain (ETC)?
This is the bond that forms between two water molecules.
What is a hydrogen bond?
This is the part of an amino acid that makes each of the 20 unique
What is the variable (R) group?
The model that states enzymes are substrate specific, meaning they react with specific substrates that fit into the active site.
What is lock and key model?
During active transport, molecules move ________________ the concentration gradient.
What is against?
The majority of energy is stored in this bond of an ATP molecule
What is the bond between the second and third phosphates?
Water has a high ______________________, which means that it takes a lot of energy to raise the temperature.
What is specific heat?
This special type of nucleotide is the energy molecule for cells
What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
Changes in temperature and pH can disrupt the hydrogen bonds that hold an enzyme together in a process known as this
What is denaturing?
When water moves into a cell from the surrounding environment and it gains mass it is said to be in this type of solution.
What is hypotonic?
This is the location of fermentation in the cell
What is the cytoplasm?