Transcription/Translation
Single stranded structure that carries DNA's instructions
What is RNA?
The monomer of DNA
What is nucleotides?
This process copies the genetic information of a cell
What is DNA replication?
Also known as rRNA, they are the building blocks for proteins
What are amino acids?
External causes, such as UV radiation, heavy metals, or toxic chemicals, that can create mutations
What are mutagens?
This process converts mRNA into proteins
What is translation?
The bases are connected by these bonds
What are hydrogen bonds?
DNA is replicated during this stage of the cell cycle
What is the synthesis stage?
In RNA, adenine (A) pairs with this base codon
What is uracil (U)?
This type of mutation occurs in gametes and can be passed on to future generations
What are germline mutations?
This process converts a gene into mRNA
What is transcription?
The backbone is connected by these bonds
What are covalent bonds?
This substance unzips the double helix
What is an enzyme?
The mRNA sequence for CCT TAC TTA TAA
What is GGA AUG AAU AUU?
The four types of chromosomal mutations
What is duplication, deletion, inversion, and translocation?
An enzyme that bonds nucleotides together and moves along DNA
What is RNA polymerase
The three parts of nucleotides
What is a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogen containing base?
This enzyme bonds nucleotides together to form double helices
What is DNA polymerase enzyme?
The anticodons for the sequence UGC ACU UCC AAU
What is ACG UGA AGG UUA?
Insertion or deletion of one or more nitrogen bases
What are frameshift mutations?
Three nucleotides that are carried by tRNA
What is a anticodon?
The four types of nucleotides that DNA is made up of
What is thymine, adenine, cytosine, and guanine?
Free floating nucleotides form these type of bonds with the template strand
What are hydrogen bonds?
Three nucleotides in mRNA that signals the end of protein synthesis
What is a stop codon?
Due to this, homologous pairs of chromosomes don't divide into separate gametes during meiosis which leads to abnormal distribution of chromosomes
What is nondisjunction?