Central Dogma (DNA, RNA, and Proteins)
the shape of DNA
double helix
type of feedback loop/mechanism that returns an organism to its preferred state
negative
a source of quick energy
carbohydrates
the smallest unit of life
the reactants of photosynthesis
water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight
the nitrogen base difference between DNA and RNA
thymine / uracil
type of feedback loop/mechanism that amplifies a response
positive
stores genetic information
nucleic acids
ribosomes
process that converts chemical energy in glucose into cellular energy in ATP
cellular respiration
transcription and translation
insulin being released when blood glucose gets too high is an example of this
negative feedback
macromolecule used for energy storage
lipids
another name for unspecialized cells
STEM cells
another name for anaerobic respiration
fermentation
a way to describe how genes are turned off or on
gene expression
when skin is cut, the cells send signals to clot (scab) the wound and starts creating more cells to replace lost cells
positive
macromolecule used in cell signaling, muscle contraction, immune responses, and hormones.
proteins
muscle cells require a lot of energy for movement, so they need a lot of this cell organelle
mitochondria
the part of both photosynthesis and cellular respiration that requires membranes within the chloroplast and mitochondrian
electron transport chain (ETC)
The central dogma of biology
DNA -> RNA -> Proteins
negative
the three elements all macromolecules have in common
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO)
a clear difference in animal and plant cells is the presence or absence of a
cell wall, chloroplasts, or central vacuole
photosynthesis and cellular respiration are said to be related because they occur in a
cycle