Cell Structure & Function
This organelle increases in number when a cell requires more ATP, such as in active muscle cells.
What are mitochondria?
A tool used to predict the probability of inherited traits.
What is a Punnett square?
Individuals with helpful traits survive and reproduce more successfully.
What is natural selection?
Organisms that make their own food using sunlight.
What are producers or autotrophs?
Most nutrient absorption occurs in this organ.
What is the small intestine?
A cell placed in distilled water swells because water moves into the cell by this process.
What is osmosis?
This process produces gametes with half the normal chromosome number, increasing variation.
What is meiosis?
Similar bone structures in different species suggest they share this.
What is a common ancestor?
Arrows in a food web show the direction of this.
What is energy flow?
These blood vessels carry blood away from the heart.
What are arteries?
Skin cells and nerve cells in the same human look different because different genes are doing this.
What is being turned on or off (gene regulation)?
A change in DNA (mutation) that alters the shape of a protein most directly affects this.
What is the protein’s function?
A trait that increases an organism’s chance of survival in its environment.
What is an adaptation?
Plants remove this gas from the atmosphere during photosynthesis.
What is carbon dioxide?
Gas exchange occurs in these tiny air sacs.
What are alveoli?
A hormone only affects certain cells because those cells contain these structures with a matching shape.
What are specific receptors?
Temperature‑dependent fur color in rabbits is an example of this effect on gene expression.
What is environmental influence??
Similar bone structures in different species are known as these.
What are homologous structures?
The maximum number of organisms an environment can support. A population levels off after years of growth because it has reached this limit.
What is carrying capacity?
Sweating to cool the body is an example of this type of feedback.
What is negative feedback?
If ribosomes malfunction, the cell cannot build these molecules that determine structure and function.
What are proteins?
Crossing over during meiosis increases this important evolutionary factor.
What is genetic variation?
When two populations become isolated and evolve into different species.
What is speciation?
In some ecosystems, the removal of one particular species causes major changes in population sizes and disrupts the entire food web. This type of organism has a disproportionately large effect on ecosystem stability.
What is a keystone species?
After recovering from a virus, the body produces these proteins that prevent reinfection.
What are antibodies?