Bill Nye the Science Guy's Method
What is the first step of the scientific method?
To make an observation
What is a compound?
a substance formed when two or more elements bond
The small units that combine to form macromolecules are known as...
monomers
The most common macromolecules that make up enzymes are...
proteins
If something has a pH=3, is it acidic or basic?
acidic
In the scientific method, what comes after experimentation?
Analyze data
What is a catalyst?
Something that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction and it can be reused
What is the polymer of a carbohydrate known as?
polysaccharide
In an energy-releasing reaction, which has a higher energy: reactants or products?
reactants
The polarity of water results in a phenomenon known as...
hydrogen bonding
What is a scientific theory?
A well-tested hypothesis that explains a broad range of observations
What is activation energy?
The amount of energy required for a reaction to take place
5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
If I increase a reaction's activation energy, will it speed up or slow down?
Slow down
What is the basic building block for all life?
What is the main error with the following experiment:
Doctors wanted to test the safety of morphine before giving it to humans, so they dosed monkeys with different amounts of morphine to figure out the lethal dose.
Unethical
What are the forces that are present in everything that allow molecules to stick together with no bond?
van der Waal's forces
Explain the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat.
A saturated fat is a straight hydrocarbon chain with only single bonds, while an unsaturated fat contains double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain resulting in kinks in the chain
Where do substrates bind an enzyme?
active site
An element with a different number of neutrons
Explain the difference between an independent, dependent, and controlled variable.
An independent variable is something that is changed by the experimenter, a dependent variable is the outcome of the change, and a controlled variable is kept constant throughout the experiment
Define cohesion and adhesion.
Cohesion - the attraction between molecules of the same substance
Adhesion - attraction between molecules of different substances
Name the 2 functions of carbohydrates
They are the main source of energy for living things and they are used for structural purposes
pH and temperature
Describe the "lock and key" analogy.
Enzymes function much like a lock and key. They are very specific so that one substrate (key) fits into one lock (enzyme)