Cell Structure and Function
What is an organelle in only plant cells?
Chloroplasts, Cell Walls
What is facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane.
What is chlorophyll?
Light absorbing pigment molecule in photosynthetic organisms
75% of the cell cycle is called what?
Interphase
What is lactic acid?
Product of fermentation in many types of cells, including human muscle cells.
What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Membrane bound organelles, a nucleus,
What is the difference between intracellular and membrane receptors?
Intracellular receptors located inside the cell rather than on its cell membrane
What is glycolysis?
Anaerobic process in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate and two net ATP are produced.
The process of cell division is called
Mitosis
What is fermentation?
Anaerobic process by which ATP is produced by glycolysis.
What is a vacuole? What kind of cells can you find it in?
Organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food, or enzymes, that are needed by the cell.
What is the difference between ATP and ADP?
ATP - High-energy molecule that contains, within its bonds, energy that the cell can use.
ADP - A phosphate and ADP is a low energy molecule used to make ATP.
The Krebs cycle describes what?
Cellular Respiration
What is the difference between a chromosome and a chromatid?
Chromosome - Long, continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information
Chromatid - one half of a duplicated chromosome
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic?
Aerobic - process that requires oxygen to occur
Anaerobic - process that does not require oxygen to occur.
Small cylinder-shaped organelle made of protein tubes are called
Centrioles
Where do light-independent reactions take place?
In stroma
The Citric Acid cycle is also called the what?
Calvin Cycle
What is a centromere?
Region of condensed chromosome that looks pinched; where spindle fibers attach during mitosis.
What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
Endo - uptake of liquids or small molecules into a cell by inward folding of the cell membrane
Exo - Release of substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane.
What are the three major components of the cell theory?
All organisms are made of cells
All existing cells are produced by other living cells
The cell is the most basic unit of life
What are thylakoids?
Membrane-bound structure in chloroplasts that contains chlorophyll and other light-absorbing pigments used in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
What is the formula for cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Name the four stages of mitosis.
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
Split the formula for photosynthesis between photosystems I and II.
II - Sunlight, O2, H2O
I - C6H12O6 and CO2