Cells & Cell Transport
What cell structure controls what enters and leaves the cell
Cell membrane
Which biomolecule provides quick energy?
Carbohydrates
What molecule carries genetic information?
DNA
Where does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplast
Who developed the theory of natural selection?
This type of transport does NOT require energy and moves substances from high to low concentration.
Passive transport
What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?
Speed up reactions by lowering activation energy
What is the function of mRNA?
Carries instructions from DNA to ribosome
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
To produce ATP (energy)
What is natural selection?
Organisms with beneficial traits survive and reproduce
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
Diffusion = movement of any particles; Osmosis = movement of water only
What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured?
It loses its shape and function
What is the difference between transcription and translation?
Transcription = DNA → RNA; Translation = RNA → protein
What gas is released during photosynthesis?
Oxygen
What is an adaptation?
A trait that increases survival/reproduction
A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will do what? Why?
Shrink; water leaves the cell due to higher solute concentration outside
How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
Increases activity up to optimal point, then decreases due to denaturation
If a mutation changes a codon, what could happen to the protein?
Amino acid may change → protein structure/function altered
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
Products of one are reactants of the other
How do environmental changes affect populations?
They select for certain traits over others
Explain how the structure of the cell membrane supports its function.
Phospholipid bilayer with proteins allows selective permeability
Why are proteins important to cell structure and function?
They act as enzymes, structure, transport, signaling, etc.
Explain how DNA determines traits in an organism.
DNA codes for proteins, which determine traits
Why is ATP important to cells?
It provides usable energy for cellular processes
Explain how genetic variation contributes to evolution.
Variation allows some individuals to survive changes and pass traits