Cell Theory and Cell Types
What is the basic unit of life?
The Cell
Which organelle contains most of a cell's DNA?
Nucleus
What structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?
Cell membrane
What green pigment absorbs light energy for photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
What molecule provides usable energy for many cellular activities?
ATP
What type of cell does not have a nucleus?
Prokaryotic Cell
Which organelle produces most of the ATP during aerobic cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
What is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane called?
Osmosis
What gas do plants take in during photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
What sugar is broken down during cellular respiration?
What type of cell contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?
Eukaryotic cell
Which organelle captures light energy and carries out photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
What type of transport moves substances from high concentration to low concentration without requiring cellular energy?
Passive transport
What sugar is produced during photosynthesis?
Glucose
Where does glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell?
Cytoplasm
According to cell theory, where do new cells come from?
Preexisting cells
Which two cell structures work together to modify, package, and transport proteins?
Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
An animal cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Which direction does water move, and what happens to the cell?
Water moves out; the cell shrinks
Name the two main inputs, besides light energy, that are needed for photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide and water
What molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?
Oxygen
A scientist discovers a single-celled organism with no nucleus. What type of cell does it have, and what is one group of organisms that contains these cells?
Prokaryotic; bacteria
A cell produces large amounts of protein for export. Which two structures would be especially important for making and packaging those proteins?
Ribosomes and Golgi apparatus
A cell uses energy to move ions from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. What type of transport is occurring, and why is energy needed?
Active transport; it moves substances against the concentration gradient
A plant is kept in complete darkness for an extended period. Which process stops or greatly decreases, and what happens to the plant's ability to make glucose?
Photosynthesis; glucose production decreases or stops
What enzyme uses a proton gradient to produce ATP, and what stage of cellular respiration is it associated with?
ATP synthase; electron transport chain / oxidative phosphorylation